Background on .223 Remington

The .223 Remington was based on the 5.56 NATO cartridge and adapted for the commercial market. The intent was to create a lighter-weight cartridge with a higher velocity than what was available at the time. Released in 1964, Remington engineered the Model 760 pump-action rifle, which was the first rifle chambered in the new cartridge. Other offerings quickly followed after its success, especially variations on the AR-15, such as the Colt Sporter.

The original loading featured a 55-grain bullet that would hit 3,250 fps. Its high velocity makes it a premier varmint cartridge. Anything from prairie dogs to coyotes is in for trouble if you’ve got a .223. Depending on the laws in your area, feral hogs and mid-size deer are fair game, but proper shot placement is key to delivering a clean kill.

.223 Remington vs. 5.56 NATO

Both the .223 Remington and 5.56 NATO are based on the same design and utilize a .224-caliber bullet. They are incredibly similar rounds with one key difference — the 5.56 includes more powder and exhibits higher chamber pressures than the .223.

The result is that it’s safe to load .223 Remington in a rifle chambered for 5.56 NATO, but not the other way around. Despite its lower pressure, the .223 travels at higher velocities than the 5.56. There are other differences in the cartridge structure and design, but for practical purposes, that’s what you need to know.

.223 Ballistics

The .223 Remington is considered an intermediate cartridge. It lives somewhere in between a handgun round and a full-power rifle cartridge. This offers a good balance of power and shootability, especially for smaller-framed shooters or the more seasoned among us. Additionally, the .223 is lighter weight than other rifle rounds, allowing shooters to carry more ammunition without fatigue. This also leads to a lighter rifle with a more compact action that can be easier to handle and tote through the field.

Bullet Weights, Velocity, and Energy

The .223 Remington is available in bullet weights ranging anywhere from 35 to 95 grains. The most common factory offerings are 55, 62, and 75 grains. Plinking and varmint rounds will largely be 55-grain loads with a velocity around 3,200 fps.

62-grain rounds are popular for self-defense as well as hunting larger game such as deer and hogs. They tend to travel a little slower at around 3,100 fps, producing roughly 1,320 ft/lbs of energy.

Heavier 69 and 75-grain match loads are primarily used for competition shooting because the increased weight helps resist wind deflection. They provide more predictable drop for improved long-range performance.

Accuracy and Effective Range

The .223 Remington is designed to be accurate out to 600 yards, beyond which the bullet is no longer supersonic and starts to destabilize and tumble. However, with the proper rifle setup and ammunition, some shooters can reach out to 1,000 yards with the .223. This will require a longer barrel with the correct twist rate for your ammo choice, as well as match-grade ammunition.

On deer and other larger game, the .223 should be kept within 200 yards for an ethical kill. This is not as much of a concern with small game and varmints, but shooters will still need to practice proper shot placement.

Recoil

.223 Remington produces mild recoil and can easily be handled by most shooters. From a standard AR-15 or bolt-action rifle, it typically feels like a gentle push. Heavier target rifles can reduce this further, and when paired with a rest or bipod, felt recoil is minimal. Because of this, the .223 is a solid choice for beginning shooters or kids learning how to shoot. It provides enough report to practice effective recoil control, but not so much that it induces a flinch or quickly fatigues the shoulder.

Penetration and Expansion

Full metal jacket .223 ammo penetrates between 15 and 20 inches in ballistic gel. It can easily travel through several layers of drywall or wood, making overpenetration in a self-defense environment a real concern.

Soft point and hollow point bullets do a good job of reducing this risk, shortening that range down to 12 to 15 inches. Bullets will rapidly expand in the body and dump more of their energy into the target for increased terminal performance. Ultra-light and frangible varmint loads take this to the next level, producing around 5 to 10 inches of penetration. They are designed to break up immediately upon impact so as not to overpenetrate small game.

Typical .223 hollow points expand to around twice their original diameter. The increased surface area tears through more tissue and disrupts major organs. Fragmenting loads shatter into several pieces to create a larger wound channel. Both result in increased blood loss and terminal effect.

Hunting with .223 Remington

The .223 Remington is a relatively versatile hunting cartridge. Lighter loads are great for small game hunting and varmint shooting because of their high velocity. Additionally, a semi-auto rifle allows for fast follow-up shots if you’re taking on multiple targets or miss your initial shot.

Heavier loads can flex into medium-game territory and even defense against dangerous animals in a pinch. It may not hit as hard as a .45-70, but an AR-15 with a 30-round magazine is nasty medicine.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Varmint Express 55-grain V-Max

Hornady’s Varmint Express is a top choice for varmint hunters. The V-Max bullet is engineered for devastating terminal effect on small game. It features a polymer tip for improved accuracy and trajectory, and it delivers rapid fragmentation upon contact.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	3,240	1,282	-1.5
100	2,855	995	1.4
200	2,502	764	0
300	2,175	578	-7
400	1,873	429	-21.4
500	1,602	313	-45.8

Hornady Varmint Express .223 Remington Ammo 55gr V-Max 20 Rounds

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2. Federal Power-Shok 55-grain JSP

Federal’s Power-Shok utilizes a traditional lead-core hunting bullet that offers dependable performance at an affordable price. The jacketed soft point design delivers a good blend of penetration and expansion, with superior weight retention, for devastating effect on a wide variety of game.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	3,240	1,282	Unavailable
100	2,800	957	1.5
200	2,400	703	0
300	2,035	505	-7.6
400	1,705	355	-23.8
500	1,420	246	-52.3

Federal Power-Shok .223 Remington Ammo 55gr JSP 20 Rounds

$19.99

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3. Barnes Harvest 69-grain TGK

Designed for mid-sized game, Barnes Harvest ammunition utilizes Sierra’s Tipped GameKing projectile. This results in unmatched accuracy with incredible terminal performance shot after shot. Further, the tipped bullet offers improved aerodynamics and a higher ballistic coefficient for better accuracy at longer ranges.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	3,000	1,379	Unavailable
100	2,745	1,155	1.6
200	2,504	961	0
300	2,275	793	-7.1
400	2,058	649	-21
500	1,854	527	-43.1

Barnes Harvest Collection .223 Remington Ammo 69gr Sierra TGK 20 Rounds

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Competition and Target Shooting

The .223 Remington is a top choice for competition and target shooting. From 3-Gun competitions to casual plinking, the .223 rifle provides faithful service. Additionally, there are Precision Rifle Series Tactical matches and NRA/CMP rifle competitions where AR-15s and other tactical semi-auto rifles shine. Mild recoil allows for all-day shooting sessions, and the high volume of ammunition available helps keep costs down.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Black 75-grain BTHP

Hornady Black is designed for optimal performance with AR-15 and tactical-style rifles. The boat-tail hollow point bullet delivers excellent accuracy and exceptional reliability in a variety of platforms. Further, the heavy 75-grain bullet helps buck wind for improved accuracy at longer ranges.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,790	1,296	-1.5
100	2,562	1,093	1.9
200	2,345	916	0
300	2,139	762	-8.2
400	1,943	629	-24.1
500	1,759	515	-49.3

Hornady Black .223 Remington Ammo 75gr BTHP Match 20 Rounds

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2. PMC Bronze 55-grain FMJBT

PMC Bronze is a dependable practice load that won’t break the bank. The boat-tail bullet provides good accuracy and reliability, while the full metal jacket prevents barrel leading. Clean-burning powders and premium brass casings facilitate consistent operation with every shot.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,900	1,027	-1.5
100	2,525	779	2
200	2,180	580	0
300	1,863	424	-9.3
400	1,580	305	-29
500	1,339	219	-62.9

PMC Bronze .223 Remington Ammo 55gr FMJBT 20 Rounds

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3. Fiocchi Range Dynamics 62-grain FMJBT

Fiocchi Range Dynamics is designed for high-volume shooters looking for uncompromised performance. The 62-grain load delivers consistent ignition, smooth performance, and impeccable accuracy. Fiocchi uses the highest-quality components for the best results.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	3,000	1,239	Unavailable
100	2,660	974	1.7
200	2,344	756	0
300	2,051	579	-8.1
400	1,779	436	-24.5
500	1,537	325	-52.2

Fiocchi Range Dynamics .223 Remington Ammo 62gr FMJBT 50 Rounds

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$32.49

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.223 Self-Defense

Depending on your environment, .223 Remington makes a good self-defense round, especially when paired with the AR-15 platform. If you live in a crowded apartment complex, you may want to turn elsewhere, but if you’re defending a ranch or live out in the country, it’s a top contender.

For the everyman, it can make a good truck gun or home defense rifle if you practice proper shot placement and load selection. As mentioned above, overpenetration is a concern. Expanding ammunition can help mitigate this risk. Additionally, it will help ensure an effective wound channel. Because of its high velocity and small bullet diameter, FMJ .223 ammo does not have the best ballistic performance.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Critical Defense 73-grain Flex-Tip

Hornady’s Critical Defense is one of the best defensive lines of ammunition, no matter the caliber. The Flex-Tip bullet features a polymer tip that drives into the hollow point cavity for improved expansion. Additionally, the tip prevents the hollow point from clogging as it travels through dense clothing or barriers, and it makes for better aerodynamics and increased accuracy.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,790	1,262	-1.5
100	2,448	971	0
200	2,131	736	-4.4
300	1,839	548	-16.4

Hornady Critical Defense Rifle .223 Remington Ammo 73gr FTX 20 Rounds

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2. Speer Gold Dot 62-grain HP

Speer boasts its Gold Dot line is the number one choice for law enforcement, and it offers industry-leading performance in FBI testing. The hollow point bullet delivers consistent expansion and penetration through common barriers, and the proprietary design helps eliminate core-jacket separation. Further, nickel-plated brass casings provide smooth, reliable feeding.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	3,000	1,239	25-yard zero
25	2,922	1,176	Unavailable
50	2,846	1,115	Unavailable
75	2,771	1,057	Unavailable
100	2,697	1,001	1.1

Speer Gold Dot Personal Protection .223 Remington Ammo 62gr SP 20 Rounds

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3. Liberty Overwatch 55-grain HP

Liberty Overwatch ammunition is designed for controlled expansion and maximum organ displacement for superior stopping power. The hollow point bullets are machined from hardened copper for improved lethality in real-world self-defense scenarios. Additionally, the nickel-plated casings offer better lubricity for smooth, consistent feeding.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	3,000	1,100	Unavailable

Liberty Ammunition OverWatch .223 Remington Ammo 55gr HP 20 Rounds

$46.99

$37.99

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Final Thoughts

The .223 Remington is a classic round that serves a critical role. From hunting and target shooting to competition and self-defense, the cartridge easily adapts to many shooting applications. Given its versatility, it’s no wonder why there are so many different loads from tons of manufacturers, as well as an endless selection of rifles available. This is one round that undoubtedly deserves a place in your gun safe.

What are some of your favorite .223 loads? What’s your top .223 rifle? Let us know in the comments below.

The post .223 Remington: History, Ballistics, and Ammo Recommendations appeared first on The Mag Life.

Introduction to the .44 Mag

Developed by Remington Arms, Smith and Wesson, and legendary firearms enthusiast Elmer Keith, the .44 Magnum was designed as a handgun cartridge to hunt medium to large game, as well as defend against dangerous animals in the wilderness. S&W produced the original .44 Magnum revolver, later called the Model 29, and announced it to the public at the beginning of 1956.

The round was created by lengthening the .44 Special casing and loading it to much higher pressures. This resulted in the most powerful handgun cartridge in the world at the time.

By the end of the year, Ruger entered the market with the Blackhawk single-action revolver chambered in .44 Mag. In the late 1960s, Winchester and Marlin released the first lever-action rifles chambered in the round. The .44 Mag gained a cult following in the 1970s when the Model 29 was featured as Clint Eastwood’s sidearm in Dirty Harry. Ever since, the .44 Magnum remains popular among firearm enthusiasts due to its incredible performance and adaptability.

.44 Magnum vs. .44 Special

The .44 Magnum was engineered off of the older .44 S&W Special cartridge. The case was lengthened and powder was added to offer a higher-pressure, high-velocity round capable of pushing a 240-grain bullet up to 1,500 fps. Original pressures reached 36,000 psi, and this number was later increased to 40,000 psi.

.44 Special is a softer shooting cartridge pushing the same bullet at velocities between 700 and 900 fps. Its mild recoil is easy to control for fast follow-up shots. It can be useful for defense against two-legged predators when overpenetration is a concern. Similar to the .357 Magnum and .38 Special, .44 Magnum firearms are capable of firing .44 Special ammunition as well, but not the other way around.

The .44 mag often gets lumped in with the .44-40 Winchester cartridge as well. However, they are not interchangeable. The .44 Winchester is a low-pressure, black powder round primarily used by Cowboy Action shooters.

.44 Magnum: Rifles vs. Handguns

The .44 Mag is an extremely versatile cartridge. In revolvers, it offers a stout round in a compact package easy to pack for handgun hunting or defense in the field. In rifles, energy increases to .30-30 Winchester territory. The increased barrel length allows for full powder burn for increased velocity and muzzle energy. Velocity can increase by 300 to 400 fps, while energy can rise 600 to 700 ft/lbs.

The recoil of .44 Magnum can be quite snappy. This is mitigated when used in a rifle, which is heavier and soaks up more of the recoil. A rifle also allows for improved purchase on the firearm for greater control, with three points of contact (both hands and the shoulder).

Rifles, as well as longer 6 and 8-inch revolvers to some extent, provide an increased sight radius, allowing for greater accuracy. Additionally, shooters can use scopes or optics for better precision.

.44 Magnum rifles and revolvers offer a distinct advantage in that they allow for a rifle/sidearm pairing utilizing the same cartridge. Extra ammunition can be used in either firearm depending on your needs, and both are powerful enough to handle an assortment of tasks.

Today, the .44 Magnum is widely used for hunting, self-defense, and target shooting, and it is available in a variety of firearms.

.44 Magnum Ballistics

.44 Magnum ballistics will largely depend on whether you’re using a handgun or rifle. With barrel lengths ranging between 2.5 inches and 20+ inches, it’s not shocking that results may vary.

Bullet Weights and Types

.44 Magnum bullet weights typically range between 180 and 300 grains, but they can go as low as 158 grains and as high as 340 grains. Lighter loads offer higher velocities for flatter trajectories. 240 to 270-grain loads provide good all-around performance for medium game hunting and personal protection. Heavy loads 300 grains and more deliver deep penetration with hard-cast bullets for increased effectiveness on large and dangerous game like elk, moose, and bear.

Bullet construction is also important. Jacketed hollow points (JHP) and semi-jacketed hollow points (SJHP) rounds are designed for controlled expansion for hunting and self-defense. Soft point (SP) rounds are for hunting, featuring an exposed lead tip that expands upon impact for an increased wound channel similar to hollow points, but at a more affordable price.

Full metal jacket (FMJ) and lead round nose (LRN) ammo is for target shooting and plinking. Solid copper monolithic bullets deliver devastating penetration for use on large game with dense tissue. Lead flat nose (LFN) or flat point (FP) rounds are great for lever-actions because they are safe to use in a tubular magazine where the butt of one round rests on the tip of the following round.

Velocity, Energy, and Trajectory

Handguns featuring barrel lengths from 4 to 8.5 inches typically send a standard 240-grain load between 1,200 and 1,500 fps. Longer 16 to 22-inch rifles and carbines increase this to around 1,600 to 1,800 fps. A standard 240-grain load fired from barrel lengths as low as 2 inches all the way up to 18 inches exhibits a velocity range from around 950 to 1,650.

The largest increases come every inch you extend from 2 to 8 inches, with smaller incremental changes the rest of the way. Lightweight, high-velocity loads can hit 2,100 to 2,200 fps in rifles and 1,300 to 1,500 fps in mid-size revolvers. Heavy, 300-grain rounds average around 1,000 fps from a 4-inch barrel and 1,500 fps in a 20-inch barrel.

All this translates to muzzle energies from 800 to 1,500 ft/lbs. This is far greater than the vast majority of handgun calibers, until you get into the specialty magnum loads such as .500 and .460. High-velocity offerings will produce a flatter trajectory and heavier options will experience increased drop, but with a 50-yard zero, a standard 240-grain load will drop roughly 2 inches at 100 yards and 8 inches at 150 yards.

Accuracy and Effective Range

From a revolver, the .44 magnum is accurate out to 200 yards for experienced shooters, and it is effective for ethical hunting to 100 yards. A rifle can squeeze out another 50 yards or so, but past that, the heavy, pistol-caliber bullet drops rapidly and loses the velocity needed for proper expansion and terminal performance.

Recoil and Shootability

Depending on the load, .44 Magnum produces 15 to 25 ft/lbs of recoil energy. This is close to four times that of the .45 ACP. From a revolver, this leads to a stout and heavy experience. A rifle distributes this force more evenly, leading to relatively mild felt recoil.

Certain grip styles can also help reduce the overall feel. Single-action revolvers tend to have a grip that rolls in your hand, which can save your wrist from harsh impact. Overmolded rubber grips can help absorb some of the shockwaves as well. Additionally, a long barrel will provide counterweight near the muzzle to help balance the kickback.

Penetration and Expansion 

Hard cast and solid bullets are designed for deep penetration with minimal deformation, which leads to 30 or more inches of penetration out of the .44 Mag. It can punch right through several layers of wood and drywall, as well as dense tissue and bone. Hollow point rounds reduce this considerably, achieving around 18 to 24 inches of penetration.

Proper hollow point projectiles reaching their optimal impact velocities result in 0.70 to 0.85 inches in diameter after expansion, nearly twice their original size. Modern solid copper rounds are designed to retain as much weight as possible, allowing them to drive deep into the target while spreading. The effect is a wide, deep wound cavity capable of bringing down a variety of game.

Hunting with .44 Magnum

Within 100 to 150 yards, .44 Magnum is an effective round for hunting medium to large game. It’s a top contender for handgun hunting, and provides solid performance from a lever-action rifle as well. Wild hog, whitetail deer, black bear, and more can all be taken cleanly with the .44 Mag. Standard 240-grain loads offer excellent results, and heavier bullets provide the deep penetration needed for larger game.

Due to the faster drop of .44 Magnum, correct range estimation is important. If you’re dialed in and practice proper shot placement, you’ll achieve good results. A nice scope or optic goes a long way in this area.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Handgun Hunter 200-grain MonoFlex

Hornady Handgun Hunter is designed from the ground up for optimal performance when hunting with a handgun. Featuring Hornady’s tough copper alloy MonoFlex hollow point bullet, this ammo provides deep penetration and retains 95 percent of its weight. Additionally, it incorporates an elastomer material in its open cavity that compresses upon impact and then pushes out for rapid expansion and maximum impact.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)
Muzzle	1,475	966
50	1,310	762
100	1,176	614

Hornady Handgun Hunter .44 Magnum Ammo 200gr MonoFlex 20 Rounds

$44.99

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2. Hornady LEVERevolution 225-grain FTX

Hornady’s LEVERevolution is some of the best .44 Mag ammo for lever-actions. The polymer FlexTip bullet offers improved aerodynamics and higher ballistic coefficients than traditional flat point loads, while still being safe to use in tubular magazines. Further, advanced propellants provide maximum velocities for flatter trajectories and improved downrange energy.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)
Muzzle	1,410	993
50	1,233	760
100	1,102	607

Hornady LEVERevolution .44 Magnum Ammo 225gr FTX 20 Rounds

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3. Barnes Pioneer 300-grain JHP

Engineered for use in lever-actions and revolvers, Barnes Pioneer ammo ensures massive expansion and weight retention for greater penetration. From a rifle barrel, the round reaches 1,325 fps and 1,170 ft/lbs of energy for exceptional terminal performance and unmatched stopping power. Numbers from a handgun aren’t quite as high, but the round is still incredibly effective. Clean-burning powders and propellants keep your firearm cleaner for lasting service.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)
Muzzle	985	946
25	964	619
50	944	594

Barnes Pioneer .44 Magnum Ammo 300gr Original JHP 20 Rounds

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.44 Magnum Self-Defense

When deciding whether or not to use .44 Magnum for self-defense, there are some considerations to examine. The round delivers incredible stopping power, far more than is typically required to stop a two-legged attacker. This leads to serious concerns about overpenetration, especially in urban environments where innocent people may be harmed. Proper shot placement and expanding hollow point ammunition are key if you’re going to go this route. In the country, this is not as big of an issue, but there is still the round’s heavy recoil and loud muzzle blast to contend with.

Self-defense against bear and large predators is a different story. This is where the round really shines. In this circumstance, increased penetration is needed to make it through the thick hide and bones of large beasts. The large diameter bullet creates a massive wound channel, even if it fails to expand. Additionally, both revolvers and lever-actions provide sufficient capacity for this application.

Top Loads

1. Fiocchi Defense Dynamics 200-grain SJHP

Fiocchi’s Defense Dynamics offers balanced performance for use in carry and duty pistols of all sizes. It is designed for reliable, consistent service and manageable recoil for use in self-defense scenarios. The semi-jacketed hollow point provides controlled expansion to reduce the risk of overpenetration while creating a larger wound cavity.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)
Muzzle	1,475	966
50	1,280	728
100	1,128	565

Fiocchi Defense Dynamics .44 Magnum Ammo 200gr SJHP 50 Rounds

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2. Hornady Custom 240-grain XTP

Hornady Custom features the eXtreme Terminal Performance (XTP) bullet, a jacketed hollow point designed with precise serrations that divide the projectile into symmetrical sections that initiate controlled expansion on impact, even at low velocities. Further, Hornady boasts that every round of its Custom ammunition is inspected by hand to ensure the highest levels of quality control possible.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)
Muzzle	1,350	971
50	1,230	806
100	1,133	684

Hornady Custom .44 Magnum Ammo 240gr XTP 20 Rounds

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3. CCI Blazer 240-grain JHP

Designed for excellent performance on a budget, this JHP ammunition is loaded in heat-treated, aircraft-grade aluminum cases. Clean-burning powders and non-corrosive primers keep your firearm clean, allowing you to shoot more between maintenance sessions. This isn’t the hottest .44 Magnum load, but it offers enough energy to get the job done while reducing overpenetration concerns. The affordable price also allows for more practice, so you can ensure your shot placement is on point.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)
Muzzle	1,200	767
50	1,092	636
100	1,015	549

CCI Blazer .44 Magnum Ammo 240gr JHP 50 Rounds

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Target/Competition

If the recoil doesn’t bother you, the .44 Magnum offers excellent capability for target shooting. Its high velocity provides a flat trajectory at modest ranges. Additionally, the fixed barrel on revolvers allows for consistent accuracy shot after shot.

The .44 Magnum is popular for metallic silhouette competitions and bowling pin shoots. The heavy round provides plenty of power to reliably knock down these targets.

Some shooters prefer using .44 Special or downloaded .44 Mag ammo for comfortable practice and training.

Top Loads

1. Ammo Inc. Signature Target 240-grain TMC

This Signature Target ammo from Ammo Inc. is perfect for target shooting and plinking at the range. The total metal coating bullet protects your firearm’s barrel from leading, and the hyperclean technology allows you to shoot more and clean less. The round does a great job at balancing velocity, accuracy, and recoil for a superior target load that comes in at a price that won’t break the bank.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)
Muzzle	1,430	1,090
50	1,160	715
100	998	531

Ammo Inc Signature Target .44 Magnum Ammo 240gr TMC 50 Rounds

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2. Sellier & Bellot 240-grain SP

This .44 Magnum load from S&B offers dependable, mid-range performance. Not too hot, not too cold, this 240-grain round hits just under 1,300 fps, producing around 870 ft/lbs of energy at the muzzle from a standard 6-inch revolver. The soft point projectile is versatile enough for hunting, defensive, and target shooting applications, making it a good all-around load to stock up on.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)
Muzzle	1,280	872
50	1,156	712
100	1,064	603

Sellier & Bellot .44 Magnum Ammo 240gr SP 50 Rounds

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3. HSM Cowboy Action 200-grain RNFP

Featuring polished brass casings with clean-burning smokeless powders and non-corrosive primers, HSM Cowboy Action .44 Rem Mag ammo is the ultimate target and training ammo for competitive and casual Cowboy Action shooting applications. Designed for use in both revolvers and lever-action rifles, this reduced power loading won’t wear you out after a day at the range. The flat point bullet provides consistent accuracy at an affordable price.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)
Muzzle	975	422
50	868	335
100	781	271

HSM Cowboy Action .44 Rem Mag Ammo 200gr RNFP 50 Rounds

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Final Thoughts

Whether you’re a hunter or outdoorsman preparing for large and dangerous game, or a home defender in search of something with a bit of knockdown power, the .44 Magnum fits the bill. Fired from a rifle or handgun, the round achieves excellent results. With an ample supply of ammunition types and manufacturers, there’s a .44 Mag load for almost every occasion.

Have you hopped aboard the magnum train? What are your favorite .44 Magnum loads? Share your thoughts in the comments.

The post .44 Magnum: History, Performance, and Ammo Selection appeared first on The Mag Life.

History of the .30-30 Winchester

Introduced in 1895 by Winchester Repeating Arms Company, the .30-30 Winchester was originally designated the .30 WCF (Winchester Center Fire). It was also frequently called .30 Winchester Smokeless, .30/30, and .30-30.

The round has close ties with Winchester’s lever-action rifles, specifically the 1894, and later, the subsequent Model 94. This was the first firearm to chamber the new cartridge after all. When Marlin adopted the cartridge for the Model 1893 rifle, it didn’t want to stamp its competitor’s name “Winchester” on the rifle, so it was designated the .30-30 — representing a .30-caliber bullet loaded with 30 grains of powder. This name caught on and was made official by the mid 1940s. Now, anyone manufacturing a lever-action rifle offers a version chambered in the .30-30.

The .30-30 Winchester was the first American small-bore cartridge utilizing smokeless powder. It was based on the .38-55 Winchester, which was necked down to hold a .308-inch diameter bullet. The cartridge was designed for medium game hunting, and it eventually became THE deer hunting round of the 20th century. Today, the round remains popular for hunting, competition, target shooting, and even self-defense.

.30-30 Ballistic Performance

Bullet Weight, Velocity, Energy, and Trajectory

.30-30 Winchester ammo is available in a number of bullet weights and loadings for different shooting applications. The initial load utilized a 160-grain bullet traveling just under 2,000 fps, yielding close to 1,400 ft/lbs of energy at the muzzle. This was quickly replaced by a 170-grain load capable of hitting 2,200 fps and delivering over 1,800 ft/lbs, which became the new standard.

Higher velocity 150-grain loads are also popular. Overall, bullet weights for the .30-30 range between 125 and 190 grains, the latter offering subsonic performance for suppressor use. With a 100-yard zero, .30-30 typically drops between 6 and 8 inches at 200 yards, and 25 to 30 inches at 300 yards.

Accuracy and Effective Range

Because of its prominent use in tubular magazines, most .30-30 ammo features a round or flat nose bullet, which reduces the ballistic coefficient, limiting its effective range. Energy and velocity drop off fairly quickly, and it is largely considered a 200-yard max hunting cartridge. Most hunters’ shooting abilities are within this range and will not feel restricted by the cartridge’s limitations. It should be noted that at the time it was developed, riflescopes were a rarity, and most shooters were using iron sights in the field.

Recoil and Shootability

.30-30 is known for its incredibly manageable recoil. It’s generally described as a slow shove rather than a sharp kick, with most loads producing an average of 11 ft/lbs of energy.

Felt recoil can vary by rifle, with traditional lever-action rifles with more stock drop transferring more into the shoulder than modern rifles with a straight stock. Either way, it’s still a good round for young and recoil-sensitive shooters wishing to shoot a centerfire rifle caliber. It’s also fun for plinking at the range and extended training sessions.

Penetration and Expansion

Shooters can expect 20 to 30 inches of penetration with the .30-30 Winchester. Traditional soft point ammo tends to penetrate about 20 to 25 inches, while solid copper monolithic rounds can achieve over 30 inches. Because of the slower velocity and heavy bullet design, .30-30 will typically travel through light barriers and bone without much deflection.

Both soft point and hollow point rounds expand to roughly twice their original diameter, resulting in 0.60 to 0.65 inches. .30-30 is known for its excellent weight retention, and quality expanding loads retain 80 to 95 percent of their initial weight. Again, this is due to their moderate velocities, which prevent the intense forces that tear bullets apart.

Hunting with .30-30 Winchester

.30-30 is a wildly popular hunting cartridge, especially for deer hunting. It offers sufficient power for medium game within 200 yards, as well as moderate recoil for easy handling for a wide range of people. The lever-action rifle provides ample firepower and a fast reload if follow-up shots are needed, making it a solid choice for feral hogs as well. Additionally, excellent accuracy can be achieved with both iron sights and a scope. Given its rich history in the field, there are plenty of great hunting loads with both soft point and hollow point bullets.

Top Loads

1. Norma Whitetail 150-grain SP

Norma Whitetail is a classic deer round offering dependable performance. A flat-based bullet provides consistent accuracy, while the exposed soft point and quick-expanding lead core deliver exceptional energy for cavernous penetration on impact. Its versatile design is not just limited to deer — it’s suitable for a wide range of hunting applications.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,362	1,858	Unavailable
100	1,987	1,315	0
200	1,652	909	-7.3
300	1,368	623	-27.5

Norma Whitetail .30-30 Winchester Ammo 150gr SP 20 Rounds

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2. Federal Fusion 170-grain SP

Federal boasts its Fusion ammo line offers the largest expansion and highest weight retention in head-to-head comparisons against the competition. Designed specifically for deer hunting, the round features a molecularly-bonded jacket as well as a pressure-formed core for maximum energy transfer on the target. For superior hunting performance, look no further than Federal Fusion.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,200	1,827	Unavailable
100	1,950	1,435	0
200	1,719	1,115	-7.7
300	1,510	860	-27.2
400	1,329	666	Unavailable
500	1,182	527	Unavailable

Federal Fusion .30-30 Winchester Ammo 170gr SP 20 Rounds

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3. Barnes VOR-TX 150-grain TSX

Featuring a solid copper bullet, Barnes VOR-TX ammo delivers deep penetration, max weight retention, and devastating expansion for improved terminal performance on larger game. The precision-cut rings in the bullet shank act as relief valves, allowing the projectile to expand into the grooves for increased surface area. Further, this .30-30 ammo incorporates clean-burning powders and propellants loaded in premium brass casings for consistent ignition, flat trajectories, and improved muzzle velocities.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,335	1,816	Unavailable
100	1,905	1,209	0
200	1,532	782	-8.8

Barnes VOR-TX Rifle .30-30 Winchester Ammo 150gr TSX FN FB 20 Rounds

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Competition and Target Shooting

.30-30 rifles are incredibly popular for lever-action rifle silhouette matches where shooters use iron sights to engage steel animal targets out to around 200 yards. The .30-30 Winchester is also a fun round for casual plinking and target shooting.

There’s something about slowing down from the semi-auto and getting behind a good lever-action that brings a smile to the face. It’s a great way to train newer shooters on the fundamentals of marksmanship. After a round is fired, the firearm is safe and must be intentionally reloaded manually before firing again.

Top Loads

1. Hornady LEVERevolution 160-grain FlexTip

Although it’s primarily designed for hunting, Hornady’s LEVERevolution is a great target load as well. The polymer-tipped bullet improves aerodynamics for more accurate long-range performance. The higher ballistic coefficient consistently produces a flatter trajectory than conventional flat-point ammo. With a polymer tip, this .30-30 ammo is still safe to use in tubular magazines.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,400	2,046	-1.5
100	2,151	1,643	3
200	1,917	1,305	0
300	1,700	1,027	-12.5

Hornady LEVERevolution .30-30 Winchester Ammo 160gr FTX 20 Rounds

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2. Sellier & Bellot 150-grain SP

S&B’s .30-30 Winchester ammo utilizes a semi-jacketed soft point bullet for controlled expansion and high weight retention. This is a good round for hunting, but at its affordable price, it’s an excellent choice for practice as well. Premium brass casings loaded with clean-burning powders and matched primers make for reliable ignition and consistent velocities.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,389	1,900	Unavailable
100	2,051	1,401	0
200	1,742	1,010	-6.3
300	1,455	705	-24.3
400	1,193	474	-58.9

Sellier & Bellot .30-30 Winchester Ammo 150gr SJSP 20 Rounds

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3. PPU Rifle Line 150-grain SP

This .30-30 Winchester ammo from PPU is a performance-enhanced centerfire rifle load designed to deliver reliable target shooting and hunting performance at an affordable price. Clean-burning powders and propellants keep you shooting longer between cleaning sessions. If that’s not enough, this flat-tipped ammo features reloadable brass casings for smooth operation and positive extraction/ejection with most lever guns.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,390	1,902	Unavailable
100	2,030	1,375	0
200	1,710	972	-7
300	1,425	678	-26.1

PPU Standard Rifle .30-30 Winchester Ammo 150gr FSP 20 Rounds

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.30-30 for Self-Defense

Although it’s not often recommended in the age of semi-autos, the .30-30 Winchester is a worthy choice for self-defense. Hollow points provide reliable expansion and effective terminal performance.

One of the main advantages of using a lever-action for self-defense is its reliability across a range of different loads of varying power. Because you manually cycle the action, low-velocity loads can be utilized without affecting dependability. This reduces the risk of overpenetration on two-legged targets and improves noise reduction for suppressor use.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Subsonic 175-grain Sub-X

Loaded with Hornady’s patented FlexTip bullets, this ammo delivers reliable expansion and superior lethality at subsonic velocities. Long grooves in the metal jacket combine with the flat profile for improved expansion at lower velocities. Further, unique powders provide a low flash signature for shooting at night and in low light.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,050	428	-1.5
100	977	371	0
200	921	329	-34.9
300	874	297	-110.8

Hornady Subsonic .30-30 Winchester Ammo 175gr Sub-X 20 Rounds

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2. Federal Power-Shok 170-grain SP

Designed for hunting but just at home in the personal defense arena, Federal Power-Shok offers consistent accuracy and proven performance in your classic lever-action. The jacketed soft point bullet delivers predictable expansion, while quality brass, primers, and powder ensure lasting service shot after shot. It is also available in a 150-grain loading if that’s more your speed.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,200	1,827	Unavailable
100	1,894	1,354	0
200	1,619	990	-8.4
300	1,380	719	-30
400	1,191	535	Unavailable
500	1,060	424	Unavailable

Federal Power-Shok .30-30 Winchester Ammo 170gr JSP 20 Rounds

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Final Thoughts

Whether it’s for hunting, target shooting, or self-defense, the .30-30 Winchester shines, especially when paired with a quality lever-action rifle. With a number of loadings from trusted manufacturers, there’s .30-30 ammo tailored for optimal performance in a variety of shooting applications. If you go with any of the options mentioned above, you’re sure to experience great results.

How have you used the .30-30 Winchester? What are some of your favorite loads? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

The post .30-30 Winchester Ammo — Performance and Top Loads appeared first on The Mag Life.

History of the .45 Long Colt

Arriving at a pivotal point in U.S. history during continued western expansion and escalating conflicts with Native American tribes, the .45 Colt was designed as a replacement military sidearm cartridge. Current .44-caliber offerings were proving to be ineffective, and something with a bit more capability was needed. The U.S. Army specified the cartridge must be powerful enough to take down an Indian war horse at 100 yards.

Colt entered the handgun trials with the Single Action Army (SAA) revolver in 1872, and by 1873, the handgun and cartridge were officially adopted. The .45 Colt was originally a black powder round, and it was adapted to modern smokeless powder in the late 1890s. It featured a heavier, 255-grain bullet over 40 grains of black powder to produce a muzzle velocity around 1,000 feet per second.

The “Long Colt” designation came about a bit later in the mid-1870s after the army began issuing the new Smith and Wesson Schofield revolver, and shorter .45 S&W Schofield cartridge, to cavalry units. The Colt could fire both rounds, but the S&W could not.

Primarily a handgun cartridge, it wasn’t until much later that the .45 Long Colt was tweaked for use in rifles. The initial soft, balloon-head case was not suited to extracting from rifles. Modern ammo and bullet design have rectified the issue.

Today, the round remains popular for hunting, self-defense, and target shooting from both rifles and handguns.

How the .45 LC Stacks Up

In many ways, the .45 ACP can be viewed as a .45 Colt for semi-auto firearms. They’re each .45s and Colts after all. Both push a heavy, 200+ grain bullet at moderate velocities. However, the .45 Long Colt has much more potential. High-pressure +P .45 LC loads can push a heavy 300+ grain bullet over 1,200 fps to generate more than 1,000 ft/lbs of energy (as opposed to the .45 ACP’s standard 370 ft/lbs). This allows the round to stretch further into the hunting territory, capable of taking elk, moose, and bear.

Compared to another high-power revolver cartridge, the .44 Magnum, the .45 Colt achieves similar amounts of energy, but in different ways. The .44 Magnum relies more on velocity to hit hard, while the .45 Colt utilizes a heavier projectile. .45 Colt is also more versatile, with low-power loads falling into the 400 ft/lbs range. This allows it to be used across a range of historic firearms.

Ballistic Performance

Bullet Weights, Velocity, and Energy

.45 Colt bullets typically range from 200 to 300 grains. Factory loads are generally 225 and 255 grains, with historic ammo falling between 250 and 255 grains. Lighter bullets are excellent for target shooting, plinking, and competition shooting. They generally exhibit less felt recoil and make for faster follow-up shots.

Heavy bullets are mostly found in +P loads that are designed for modern, robust revolvers and geared toward hunting and animal defense. These may even be designated as “Ruger Only” to prevent damage to more historically inclined firearms.

Given the large variation in ammunition selection, .45 Colt can deliver between 400 and 1,000+ ft/lbs of energy. Velocity can range from 700 to 900 fps in standard pressure ammo, and up to 1,400 fps in +P ammunition. Firing from a lever-action can add 200 to 300 fps due to the increased barrel length and extra burn time.

Accuracy and Effective Range

The .45 Colt is an inherently accurate cartridge with proper ammunition. Traditional lead ammo must be matched to the firearm’s chamber mouth for consistent accuracy. In some cases, shooters may need to handload for the best results. Jacketed bullets help bypass this issue for improved accuracy. Good shooters can even reach out to 200 yards if the eyes allow for it.

However, the heavy bullet of the .45 Colt limits the effective range to 100 yards or less. Its rainbow-like trajectory makes range estimation for distance shooting key. Bullet drop is significant and must be factored into your calculations.

Recoil and Shootability

.45 Long Colt recoil can range anywhere from mild to harsh, depending on load and firearm selection. Light cowboy loads can be fired all day by a variety of shooters without much strain. Heavy hunting loads from a revolver exhibit magnum-like recoil and require a bit of practice for effective control. Shifting to a rifle can help distribute recoil forces more evenly for easier management.

Penetration and Expansion

At the time it was introduced, the .45 Colt was a showstopper in terms of penetration, producing better results than any other handgun cartridge available. Standard .45 Colt loads will penetrate 12 to 14 inches in gel and tissue. History has shown it easily punches through multiple 1-inch wood boards. Modern +P ammo only increases this, producing 18 to 24+ inches of bone-shattering penetration.

Expansion for the .45 Colt relies on proper hollow point ammunition. Most loads will mushroom out to around 0.75 to 1 inch in diameter. Velocity is important for consistent expansion. Most cowboy loads do not reach this threshold.

For the best results, look for a round that reaches at least 850 to 900 fps. Some bullets, like the FlexTip from Hornady, are designed for improved expansion. It features a polymer tip that drives into the bullet, causing it to expand more reliably. Some rounds strictly rely on fluid hydraulic energy for expansion.

Hunting with .45 Long Colt

Within its effective range, the .45 Long Colt is an excellent round for hunting. Anything from deer and feral hogs to black bear and big cats can be taken with ease. Even moose, elk, and large game can be had with heavy +P ammo. As with everything, ammo selection is important, and shooters should stick with flat nose expanding bullets or hard-cast rounds.

Standard pressure rounds are safe for use in Colt SAA revolvers and replicas from manufacturers like Cimarron and Uberti. Heavy and +P loads should be reserved for Ruger Blackhawks and lever-actions such as the Marlin 1894.

Notably, with a slow, heavy bullet, trajectory drop is significant as range increases. This makes shot placement imperative. Make sure you practice with your firearm and load selection to ensure an ethical kill.

Top Loads

1. Hornady LEVERevolution 225-grain FlexTip

For hunting with a lever-action in .45 Colt, look no further than Hornady’s LEVERevolution. Featuring a polymer FlexTip hollow point bullet, the round delivers improved aerodynamics for increased long-range accuracy. Additionally, the polymer tip drives into the hollow point cavity, causing consistent expansion and enhanced mushrooming.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	960	460	-1.5
50	903	407	0
100	855	366	-9.1

Hornady LEVERevolution .45 Long Colt Ammo 225gr FTX 20 Rounds

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2. Barnes Pioneer 200-grain XPB

Designed for both lever guns and revolvers, Barnes Pioneer provides faithful service. This .45 Long Colt load is loaded for massive expansion and weight retention for deeper penetration and devastating terminal performance. Non-corrosive box primers and clean-burning powders and propellants keep you shooting longer between cleaning sessions. There’s also a 250-grain option with Barnes’ original JHP FN bullet.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	850	321	Unavailable
25	827	304	0
50	805	288	-2.3

Barnes Pioneer .45 Long Colt Ammo 200gr XPB 20 Rounds

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.45 Colt Self-Defense

Although it has been eclipsed by more modern rounds and semi-auto pistols, the .45 Long Colt is still a good choice for self-defense. The human body hasn’t changed since the U.S. Army employed it. Stouter loads allow it to be used for defense against predators while hiking or camping. Light loads work well in crowded urban settings.

Although it’s mostly known as a single-action revolver cartridge, there are a number of modern double-action revolvers chambered in .45 Colt. The Colt Anaconda, Ruger Redhawk, S&W Model 25 are prime examples. Taurus offers the Judge, and S&W has the Governor designed to chamber both .45 LC and .410 shotgun shells for added versatility. Charter Arms even makes its Bulldog revolver in .45 Colt for shooters on a budget.

Top Loads

1. Federal Power-Shok 235-grain JHP

Federal Power-Shok was intended as a hunting load, but it’s good for defensive purposes as well. It offers excellent short barrel performance with handguns, and the jacketed hollow point bullet provides consistent, controlled expansion at modest velocities. With a 235-grain projectile hitting roughly 850 fps, overpenetration is less of a concern than with ultra-hot rounds.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	850	377	Unavailable
25	834	363	0
50	819	350	-2.2
75	804	338	-7.7
100	790	326	-16.4

Federal Power-Shok .45 Long Colt Ammo 235gr JHP 20 Rounds

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2. Hornady Critical Defense 185-grain FTX

Designed specifically for self-defense and everyday carry, Hornady Critical Defense is an excellent choice no matter the caliber. In .45 Colt, it offers a great balance of power and controllability. Featuring the same FlexTip bullet used in the LEVERevolution mentioned above, it ensures consistent expansion and good penetration for effective terminal performance.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	920	348	-1.5
50	870	311	0
100	826	280	-10

Hornady Critical Defense .45 Long Colt Ammo 185gr FTX 20 Rounds

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Target/Competition Use

The .45 Colt is extremely popular in Cowboy Action Shooting (CAS) competitions. Many shooters are drawn to the round due to its historical authenticity. Low-recoil cowboy loads allow it to be used with period-correct single-action revolvers, as well as lever-action rifles utilizing the same caliber.

It’s also a fun round for plinking at the range. Oftentimes, switching from a modern semi-auto to a revolver or lever-action forces shooters to slow down and focus more on marksmanship. This is a great way to make your shots count and conserve more ammo at the range. Additionally, it can be refreshing to turn to a more classic firearm after the deluge of polymer wonder nines and AR-15s.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Cowboy Action 255-grain LFN

Cowboy Action shooters needing unmatched reliability know to turn to Hornady’s Cowboy load. The knurling at the base of the bullet holds an even distribution of wax for proper lubrication to prevent excessive leading of the barrel. Further, the traditional design provides proper positioning in authentic revolvers for increased stability and accuracy.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	725	298	-1.5
50	687	267	0
100	651	240	-16.9

Hornady Cowboy Action Loads .45 Long Colt Ammo 255gr LFN 20 Rounds

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2. Fiocchi 250-grain LRN FP

Fiocchi boasts its Cowboy Action load delivers authentic Old West performance with modern quality. It’s intended for smooth recoil and enjoyable shooting, whether you’re competing in an intense competition or casually plinking. The flat nose lead bullet incorporates a protective coating to reduce wear and fouling on your firearm.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	750	312	-0.5
50	693	266	0
100	654	237	-9.6

Fiocchi Cowboy Action .45 Long Colt Ammo 250gr LRNFP 50 Rounds

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Final Thoughts: .45 Long Colt

With a legacy as large as the bullet itself, the .45 Long Colt holds a special place in American history. In many ways, the round is tied to the renowned Colt Peacemaker and other variations of the Single Action Army. With loads ranging from mild to hot, there’s .45 Colt ammo for any occasion. If you go with any of the options on this list, they’re sure to be a hit.

Have you tried Colt’s original .45? What are your thoughts on the .45 Long Colt? What are your favorite .45 Colt firearms? Share your thoughts in the comments.

The post Review: .45 Long Colt — History and Ammo Recommendations appeared first on The Mag Life.

The 5.56x45mm NATO is classified as an intermediate rifle caliber, meaning it falls between a handgun cartridge and a full-size rifle round. Given its popularity, it’s no surprise there’s a large variety of ammo options across a wide range of manufacturers that offer unique performance.

Background on the 5.56 NATO

The 5.56 NATO was developed in 1957 by Remington and ArmaLite for use in the AR-15 rifle. After it was officially adopted by the U.S. military in 1964, Remington released an adapted version for the commercial market designated the .223 Remington. Similarly, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) followed a few years later and standardized the round, creating the 5.56x45mm NATO we know today.

The intent was to create a lighter round with less recoil than the 7.62 NATO that was currently in use with the M14 rifle. This allowed soldiers to carry more ammunition with less weight and engage targets more quickly. Additionally, the rifles could be more maneuverable while still being capable out to 500 yards.

The U.S. military initially adopted the round for use in the M16 rifle. Later, it continued use with the following M4 variants. Commercial AR-15 rifles have mirrored this acceptance, with the 5.56 NATO being by far the most common chambering. The U.S. military later used the round with the FN M249 SAW light machine gun.

.223 vs. 5.56

You’ll also find plenty of AR-15 rifles chambered in .223 Remington, but what is the difference? Isn’t it just the same round with a different name? In fact, no, the 5.56 NATO and .223 Remington are incredibly similar rounds based on the same design, with a few key differences that are important to highlight.

The 5.56 NATO has a longer leade, or throat (the distance from the mouth of the cartridge to where the barrel’s rifling touches the bullet), and more powder, resulting in higher chamber pressures than the .223 Remington. This is why a rifle chambered in 5.56 NATO can safely fire both cartridges, but not the other way around.

However, the .223 typically produces a slightly higher velocity, around 75 fps, leading to greater penetration. Originally, the 5.56 was intended to tumble and fragment on impact, creating a larger wound channel, but resulting in less penetration.

Both utilize a .224-caliber projectile (approximately 0.224 inches in diameter) and are often used in target shooting, competition, hunting, and personal protection applications to this day.

5.56 Tip Colors Explained

One of the main indicators that identify different types of 5.56 ammo is different tip colors. This allows shooters to quickly identify what type of ammunition is loaded into a magazine. This originally stemmed from when the military adopted the SS109 round, which was renamed the M855, as a replacement for the M193. To avoid confusion, the new round’s tips were painted green so soldiers could identify the new ammunition from the old.

Green tip M855 ammunition features a hardened steel penetrator tip, which aids in LIGHT barrier penetration. Many often believe these are armor-piercing rounds, but neither the military nor the ATF considers this to be the case. They merely penetrate a bit better than standard lead rounds.

True armor-piercing rounds are not available for civilians and feature a black tip. These rounds replaced the M855 and were designated the M855A1. The M995 is another black tip option. They utilize a hardened steel or tungsten core for true armor-piercing and hard barrier penetration capabilities. At 500 yards, they can zip through the engine block of a truck.

Another restricted option is blue tip 5.56 ammo. This is used to denote incendiary rounds. These are designed to ignite the target for further damage. They are typically used on fuel tanks to create a burst of flames. During WWI and WWII, they were incredibly effective against aircraft. However, there’s another blue tip that is far more common for us regular guys, and that is frangible training ammo. These rounds are designed to shatter on impact for safely shooting steel targets with minimal splashback or ricochet.

Silver tip ammo is a combination of armor-piercing and incendiary capability. Penetration is improved from the standard blue tip for the best of both worlds.

An orange or red tip is used for tracer rounds, which utilize a pyrotechnic charge that produces a bright light, allowing the shooter to see where the bullets travel. This allows for aiming correction for the individual or target identification for a team. You could also insert a single tracer round near the bottom of the magazine to give a clear indication of when you’re almost out of ammo.

Now take everything we just covered and put it to the side, because polymer-tipped ammo is available in numerous color options depending on the manufacturer and load, including blue, red, purple, and more, and is not the same as a painted tip. These are typically hollow point rounds with an added tip to improve aerodynamics and flight trajectory for increased accuracy. Additionally, upon impact, the polymer tip is driven into the hollow point cavity of the bullet, causing it to expand more, which produces a wide wound channel.

Ballistic Performance

Bullet Weight

5.56 NATO bullets can range in weight as low as 35 grains in specialized, high-velocity loads, all the way up to near 80 grains for heavier, match-grade rounds designed for improved long-range performance. Most commonly, 5.56 is found in 55-grain and 62-grain options. The best grain for 5.56 NATO will depend on what you’re shooting.

55-grain is commonly available as inexpensive target shooting and plinking ammo. This allows you to shoot more for less, while still providing good accuracy. 55-grain and lower is also a good choice for varmint hunting. They travel fast and are plenty effective on smaller game.

62-grain ammo is more effective for self-defense purposes. These rounds hit harder and offer increased terminal performance. This is why the 62-grain is used in the NATO-standard M855. Hollow point options provide reliable expansion and ample penetration.

While 5.56 is not the most effective caliber for these purposes, 68-grain ammo is your best bet for medium game hunting. It is a good option for deer (where allowed) if used within around 200 yards. With proper shot placement, it offers enough penetration for a clean kill on a whitetail.

Bullet weights of 75 grains and above are primarily used for precision shooting. The heavier bullet is less susceptible to wind drift for more predictable long-range performance. It’s also a great choice for suppressed shooting because of the decreased muzzle velocity. Although it still surpasses the speed of sound, it will perform a bit better than lighter loads.

Velocity, Energy, Trajectory

Ultra-light 5.56 rounds can reach around 4,000 fps. More standard 55-grain and 62-grain loads hit roughly 3,300 and 3,050 fps, respectively. Heavier 75-grain bullets top out at a little under 2,900 fps typically. This results in between 1,300 and 1,400 ft/lbs of energy at the muzzle, with a drop between 30 and 55 inches at 500 yards. At 600 yards, the drop almost doubles to between 55 and 100 inches.

Accuracy and Effective Range

The 5.56 NATO is designed to be effective out to 600 yards, although trained shooters with the proper rifle setup and load selection can accurately group rounds at 1,000 yards. Here’s where twist rate comes into play. Faster twist rates, such as 1:7, are ideal for heavier bullets from 69 to 77 grains. A 1:8 twist is often considered the gold standard for its ability to stabilize 55 and 62-grain loads, as well as enough spin for accuracy with heavier match bullets.

A 1:9 twist may squeeze a bit more accuracy out of the 55 and 62-grain loads if you’re not concerned with anything heavier. For extremely light rounds for varmint hunting, a 1:12 twist is a good choice, though you will be limited in bullet options.

Recoil and Shootability

From a standard 7-pound rifle (the average weight of a typical AR-15), the 5.56 NATO exhibits about 5 pounds of recoil. This very mild recoil impulse is often described as a gentle push, rather than a sharp kick. This makes for an incredibly controllable round, allowing for fast follow-up shots. This is a good option for beginning shooters to practice recoil control and marksmanship fundamentals.

Penetration and Expansion

Penetration of 5.56 depends on the type of ammunition being used. Soft point and hollow point rounds tend to penetrate less than 15 inches in ballistic gel and soft targets. Standard ball ammo will increase this depth to between 15 and 20 inches. It can also pass through several layers of wood and drywall. M855 penetrator ammunition can travel through up to 3mm of mild steel, but is still stopped by hardened steel and ceramic plates.

Many 5.56 rounds are designed to rely on tumbling and fragmentation, rather than expansion, to improve their ballistic effectiveness. Soft point and hollow point rounds can expand to twice their original diameter. There are even bonded soft point rounds engineered to maintain their structural integrity when traveling through barriers, and then expand once they hit soft tissue.

Target and Competition Shooting

As touched upon above, lightweight 55-grain ammo is a common choice for plinking and target shooting due to its affordability and performance across a range of rifles. Full metal jacket loads prevent lead buildup in the barrel, and a boat-tail design offers excellent aerodynamics. 62-grain ammo is another good option, especially for those who want to train with a round similar to what they use for defense.

However, it should be noted that some ranges will not allow you to shoot green tip ammo due to concerns with excess damage to their barriers and equipment, as well as the possibility of the steel tip causing sparks that start a fire.

Top Loads

1. PMC X-Tac 55-grain FMJBT

For casual target shooting, PMC X-Tac 55-grain offers dependable service. This bulk 5.56 ammo features brass casings loaded with quality boat-tail FMJ bullets, clean-burning powders, and premium primers and components for consistent accuracy at a budget-friendly price.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	3,270	1,306	-1.5
100	2,898	1,026	0
200	2,555	797	-2.6
300	2,237	611	-10.6
400	1,943	461	-25.6
500	1,674	342	-49.9

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2. Hornady Superformance Match 75-grain BTHP

For more serious precision work, Hornady’s Superformance Match 75-grain ammo provides excellent accuracy, even at extended ranges. It is optimized for use in rifles with a 20-inch barrel or longer, and the heavy 75-grain bullet resists wind drift for consistent travel.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,910	1,410	-2.4
100	2,676	1,192	1.2
200	2,453	1,002	0
300	2,242	837	-7
400	2,041	693	-21
500	1,851	570	-43.3

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Hunting

Most hunting loads for this caliber will be .223 Remington cartridges. However, there are a few solid options for hunting with 5.56 NATO. The round is popular for varmint hunters, where fast follow-up shots are useful. It’s also a great round to get kids into the practice, as the recoil and muzzle blast are minimal.

The 5.56 can even take medium-sized game such as deer within 200 yards, making it a fairly versatile cartridge. Importantly, for anything more than varmint hunting, be sure to check your local laws regarding the legality of hunting with the caliber.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Superformance 55-grain CX

Hornady’s Superformance also makes a great hunting load. For this section, I went with the 55-grain CX, which they tout as a medium game load for anything from 50 to 300 pounds. The CX (Copper alloy eXpanding) bullet design provides superior stopping power, and high velocities lead to consistent expansion.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	3,175	1,231	-1.5
100	2,781	944	0
200	2,420	715	-3
300	2,086	531	-12.1
400	1,781	388	-29.1
500	1,511	279	-57.3

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2. Barnes VOR-TX 70-grain TSX BT

Featuring a solid copper bullet, Barnes VOR-TX TSX provides maximum weight retention for improved stopping power, while precision-cut rings in the bullet shank act as relief valves, allowing the bullet to expand into the grooves for consistent double-diameter expansion and optimal energy transfer.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,850	1,263	Unavailable
100	2,568	1,026	1.4
200	2,303	825	0
300	2,054	656	-8
400	1,822	516	-24.2
500	1,609	402	-51

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Self-Defense

Due to restrictions in ammunition selection, the military relies on tumbling and fragmentation to create a larger wound channel for effective stopping power with 5.56. As civilians, hollow points are an option. 5.56 NATO hollow points expand to around twice their original size, and this slows their momentum. They will help prevent overpenetration, but this is still a high-velocity rifle round, and some forethought should be placed on your environment and what’s beyond it.

Those living in an apartment complex or residential housing with others in surrounding rooms may wish to turn elsewhere for a defensive caliber. However, if you’re defending a large property, or practice proper shot placement and ammo selection, the 5.56 NATO is a good choice for personal protection and home defense. A heavier 62-grain+ load can help limit the velocity while packing a bit more of a punch.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Frontier 68-grain BTHP

Designed for excellent all-around performance in self-defense, varmint hunting, and match settings, Hornady Frontier is a good round to stock up on. Manufactured to tight tolerances, this 5.56 ammo delivers reliable ignition, consistent velocities, and superior function in most semi-auto or bolt-action rifles.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,960	1,323	-1.5
100	2,697	1,098	1.7
200	2,449	906	0
300	2,215	741	-7.5
400	1,993	600	-22
500	1,786	482	-45.4

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2. Hornady Black 75-grain InterLock HD

Designed for improved performance with short-barreled rifles (SBRs) and AR pistols, Hornady Black utilizes a proprietary propellant to achieve full powder burn. Additionally, the Critical Duty FlexLock bullets are equipped with a heavy-duty jacket-to-core InterLock band to eliminate clogging and mitigate bullet and core separation for maximum weight retention, excellent expansion, and consistent penetration.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,321	897	-2.5
100	1,974	649	3.3
200	1,662	460	0
300	1,393	323	-16
400	1,184	233	-50
500	1,046	182	-108.8

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Final Thoughts

It’s clear to see why the 5.56 NATO is a fan favorite, especially when paired with the renowned AR-15. From target and competition shooting to hunting and self-defense, the 5.56 is a reliable performer in a relatively compact package. There’s a ton of ammo options with unique characteristics for customized performance in different applications. Whether you’re looking for your first centerfire rifle or just want to add another to the stable, the 5.56x45mm has a place in any collection.

What do you think of the 5.56 NATO? What are some of your favorite 5.56 loads? Share your thoughts in the comments.

The post 5.56 NATO Ammo — Performance and Top Brands appeared first on The Mag Life.

.300 Blackout Background

Development for the .300 Blackout cartridge began in 2009, and it was officially approved by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers’ Institute (SAAMI) at the beginning of 2011. The goal was to create the ideal cartridge for a suppressed, short-barreled rifle, specifically utilizing the AR-15 platform.

Often referred to as .300 AAC (Advanced Armament Corporation) after the originating company, the cartridge offers a good blend of power and shootability for effective performance in short to mid-range engagements.

5.56 NATO vs. .300 Blackout

Both the 5.56 NATO and .300 Blackout use the same case. However, the 5.56 NATO utilizes a .224-inch diameter projectile, which is noticeably smaller than the .300 Blackout’s .308-inch bullet.

At close ranges, .300 Blk offers superior ballistics and higher muzzle energy, whereas 5.56 produces higher velocities and less drop, as well as improved performance at distances past 300 yards. Additionally, .300 Blackout delivers retained terminal performance with short barrels (especially between 8 to 11 inches), and it offers close to a 90 percent increase in frontal area.

The main determining factors that will affect your decision between the two will likely be your intended engagement distance and the overall cost of ammunition. .300 Blackout ammo can typically be twice as much as comparable 5.56, making volume training much more difficult. However, you may decide that the benefits of the .300 Blk easily justify the increase in cost.

Today, the .300 Blk has excelled in hunting, defensive, and competitive shooting applications, with a wide variety of manufacturers offering ammunition tailored to specific uses.

.300 Blk Ballistics

The .300 Blackout is a necked-up 5.56 casing incorporating the same .308-inch bullet diameter as the .308 Winchester. It achieves full powder burn with SBRs and works well with both subsonic and supersonic loadings.

Grain Weights

.300 Blackout is commonly available in bullet weights ranging from 110 to 220 grains. Lighter 110 to 130-grain loads are popular for hunting, as they exhibit higher velocities, faster expansion, and good penetration. This can be useful for defensive purposes as well.

147 to 150-grain loads offer a good balance and are widely available at an affordable price, making them a solid choice for target practice and plinking. Heavier 190 to 220-grain loads are engineered for optimal sound reduction for suppressed shooting. The report isn’t as loud, and there is generally less felt recoil, which also lends itself to home defense use, even if you’re not running a suppressor.

Velocity, Energy, Trajectory

110-grain rounds range between 2,250 and 2,400 fps and from 1,200 to 1,400 ft/lbs from rifles with 12 to 16-inch barrels. 220-grain loads produce around 1,000 fps muzzle velocity and muzzle energy ranging from 480 to 550 ft/lbs.

With a 100-yard zero, supersonic loads drop an average of 6 to 7 inches at 200 yards and 23 to 25 inches at 300 yards. Subsonic loads are much more susceptible to drop, experiencing 30 to 35 inches at 200 yards and over 100 inches at 300 yards.

Effective Range

Supersonic rounds are effective out to 500 yards, while subsonic loads are best used within 200 yards. Both will still experience ample drop, and this will need to be factored in for the best accuracy, but subsonic loads will become ballistically ineffective at longer ranges.

Recoil

Subsonic .300 Blackout produces moderately light felt recoil, especially when paired with a suppressor. It’s often described as a dull thud. This allows many shooters to achieve excellent accuracy and fast follow-up shots with their .300 Blk rifles. Recoil increases in supersonic loads, but it is still similar to the report of a standard .223/5.56 AR-15, which amounts to a gentle shove.

Penetration and Expansion

The penetration and expansion characteristics of .300 Blackout largely depend on whether supersonic or subsonic ammunition is being used. Supersonic loads yield rapid expansion upon impact, resulting in an increased diameter of around twice their original size. These loads also demonstrate 16 to 20+ inches of penetration in ballistic gel and are good at defeating intermediate barriers like glass or drywall.

Subsonic loads require specialized expanding projectiles for proper deformation. Otherwise, they risk overpenetrating soft targets without creating a wide wound channel. These rounds will generally result in 15 to 18 inches of penetration, allowing them to dump all of their energy inside the target.

Hunting with .300 Blackout

Given the effective range of the cartridge, hunting with .300 Blackout needs to be kept within 200 yards for an ethical kill. The round can competently take deer-sized game or smaller with proper shot placement.

Given its excellent performance in a compact, AR-style rifle, .300 Blk is popular for hog hunters shooting suppressed at night. Easy handling, fast follow-up shots, and exceptional noise reduction are the enemies of swine. Supersonic loads are ideal, but with proper expanding ammunition, subsonic loads work as well. Higher velocity ammo will also help keep the bullet path more consistent with less drop.

Top Loads

1. Nosler Varmageddon 110-grain FB Tipped

Nosler’s Varmageddon ammo features a proprietary polymer-tipped bullet engineered to deliver consistent velocities and exceptional terminal performance on varmints at all practical ranges.

The high-velocity load offers minimal drop within the 200-yard threshold, and it provides just under 1,200 ft/lbs of muzzle energy. The bullet’s special lead-alloy core combines with the copper-alloy jacket to violently expand upon impact, while the low-drag flat base design provides exceptional accuracy.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,200	1,182	-1.5
100	1,930	909	0
200	1,681	690	-7.9
300	1,460	521	-28.2
400	1,273	396	-64.9
500	1,130	312	-123

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2. Federal Power-Shok 150-grain JSP

Federal Power-Shok ammo is built to deliver devastating penetration and uniform expansion for quick, clean kills on a variety of game. Designed around a hard-hitting jacketed soft-point bullet, this ammo utilizes a 150-grain projectile for improved performance on larger animals like deer or hog.

Additionally, the traditional lead-core design provides excellent accuracy at a price you can’t beat. At just over 1,200 ft/lbs of energy at the muzzle, it packs a punch.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,900	1,202	Unavailable
100	1,685	946	0
200	1,490	739	-10.8
300	1,320	580	-37.3
400	1,181	465	-62.4
500	1,079	388	-128.7

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3. Barnes VOR-TX 120-grain TAC-TX BT

The Barnes TAC-TX projectile features a deep nose cavity and polymer tip that work together to cause devastating expansion for a humane kill on a large selection of game. Further, the copper construction helps maximize penetration and weight retention for improved terminal performance. Designed for varmint hunting, the round exhibits a flat trajectory and high velocity for consistent accuracy on fast-moving targets.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,100	1,175	Unavailable
100	1,887	949	0
200	1,688	760	-2.3
300	1,507	605	-26.9
400	1,347	484	-61.8
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

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.300 Blackout for Self-Defense

With manageable recoil, high-capacity mags, and potent close-range terminal performance, .300 Blackout shines in self-defense roles. The fast-burning powder achieves maximum velocity in short barrels, allowing for an incredibly maneuverable firearm.

When this is paired with a suppressor, shooters can defend their homes while protecting against permanent hearing damage. Heavier bullet options deliver high energy transfer at close range without the risk of overpenetration.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Custom 135-grain FlexTip

Hornady Custom ammo is a performance-enhanced centerfire rifle cartridge specifically engineered for defensive shooting applications. The FlexTip projectile is designed to pass through thick clothing and other soft barriers for deep penetration, devastating expansion, and superior stopping power. Select brass casings ensure optimal reliability with smooth feeding and consistent ejection shot after shot.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,085	1,303	-1.5
100	1,811	983	4.6
200	1,564	733	0
300	1,350	546	-18.9
400	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

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2. Hornady Subsonic 190-grain Sub-X

Hornady’s Subsonic ammo is engineered for optimal performance with suppressed rifles. Its FlexTip XTP bullets utilize long grooves in the jacket and a flat profile to offer reliable expansion at subsonic velocities, and the low-velocity propellants deliver ultra-quiet performance. Further, clean-burning powders prevent fouling and carbon buildup to help keep your rifle running longer.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,050	465	-1.5
100	998	420	0
200	955	384	-33.4
300	918	355	-104.6
400	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

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Competition Use

.300 Blackout is an effective choice for close-range tactical and multigun competitions where targets are typically within 200 yards. The manageable recoil impulse allows for fast follow-up shots and rapid target engagement, and the high-capacity magazines ensure you have sufficient firepower on hand. Heavy .300 Blk bullets often meet Major power factor requirements to earn more points in scoring systems such as USPSA Multigun, providing an edge over rounds like .223 Remington.

While .300 Blackout is not designed for target shooting, it is accurate enough. For precision work, stick to lightweight, high-velocity loads to attain the best results. You’ll still be limited in your effective range but can achieve good consistency.

To help offset the cost of factory ammunition, many serious target and competition shooters end up handloading their own rounds. This also allows them to tailor the load for the best results with their specific rifle.

Top Loads

1. Barnes Precision Match 220-grain OTM BT

Crafted for match-grade accuracy, Barnes Precision Match ammo boasts an open-tip, boat-tail bullet that offers improved long-range accuracy and excellent shot-to-shot consistency. The jacketed lead core and clean-burning powders reduce fouling, keeping you shooting longer between cleaning sessions. Polished brass casings ensure smooth, jam-free feeding for unmatched reliability, even in high-stress shooting scenarios.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	995	484	Unavailable
100	964	454	0
200	936	428	-34.9
300	911	406	-109.4
400	888	386	-225.8
500	867	367	-386.3

Barnes Precision Match .300 Blackout Subsonic Ammo 220gr OTM BT 20 Rounds

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2. Nosler Match Grade 220-grain HPBT

Nosler Match Grade .300 Blackout Subsonic ammo is a competition-ready target round featuring a heavy jacket profile and boat-tail base design that delivers flatter trajectories and enhanced accuracy.

Additionally, the bullet’s hollow point provides a small meplat — the diameter of the opening of hollow points or the blunt end of cast bullets — which makes for reduced drag and improved aerodynamic efficiency.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,020	508	-1.5
100	989	478	0
200	962	452	-34
300	937	429	-106
400	915	408	-217
500	894	390	-370

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3. Hornady American Gunner 125-grain HP

Designed for all-around performance in hunting, self-defense, and target shooting applications, Hornady’s American Gunner is a high-performance, low-cost option for volume shooters. The match-grade hollow point bullets provide excellent versatility and superior ballistics across a range of different rifles, making it a great load to stockpile. Made in the USA with premium components, it’s no wonder American Gunner is trusted by new and experienced shooters across the country.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,175	1,313	-1.5
100	1,932	1,036	4
200	1,708	810	0
300	1,505	609	-15.9
400	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

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Final Thoughts: .300 Blackout

Within its effective range, .300 AAC Blackout is one hell of a cartridge. From hunting to self-defense, and even fast-action target shooting, it performs in league with the best.

Ammo selection is important, but with quality options in both the supersonic and subsonic categories, it’s not hard to find the perfect load for your shooting needs. If you haven’t tried this high-quality and effective round, you’re certainly missing out.

Have you tried the .300 Blackout yet? What do you use it for? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

The post .300 AAC Blackout: History, Ballistics, and Ammo Selection appeared first on The Mag Life.

Background Info

Even if you’re completely new to firearms, you’ve likely at least heard of the 9mm Luger. The 9mm utilizes a .355 caliber bullet (which measures .355 inches in diameter, or 9.01 millimeters) and has a case length of 19.15mm.

This handy cartridge has been around since the beginning of the 20th Century and has no plans of dying off anytime soon. Designed in 1901 and introduced the following year by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger for use in his P.08 pistol, the 9×19 Parabellum took the world by storm. Because of the association with its iconic designer and pistol, the name 9mm Luger has become interchangeable with the ammunition.

Initially, the round gained popularity with the European market and was adopted by the German Navy and Army. By World War I, other nations quickly followed. The United States tested the cartridge frequently, but passed on it in favor of larger calibers. It wasn’t until 1985 that the U.S. military officially put the 9mm into service with the adoption of the Beretta M9. This decision has continued on to this day with the switch to the Sig Sauer M17 and M18.

9mm Ballistics

The 9mm offers a great balance of capacity and power, making it a top choice for self-defense and competition shooting. It’s also affordable enough for training and plinking purposes and exhibits moderate recoil, allowing for longer range sessions and faster follow-up shots.

9mm is a great option for newer shooters looking to step up to a centerfire round. Whether it’s in a pistol, carbine, or subgun, 9mm Luger offers dependable performance across a range of shooting applications.

The 9mm is optimized for self-defense ranges around 7 to 10 yards, but is perfectly accurate and effective out to 50 yards or more. There are plenty of shooters who routinely shoot their 9mm pistols out past 100 yards, and a carbine can extend this even further.

Because of its immense popularity, there are countless iterations of this round tailored to specific purposes. There are FMJ rounds for target shooting, hollow points for self-defense, solid monolithic bullets for increased penetration, frangible ammo for shooting steel targets, and even shotshell loads for rat and snake defense.

Defensive 9mm hollow point ammo typically achieves 12 to 18 inches of penetration and roughly 0.5 inches of expansion, or 1.5 times the original diameter. This is right within the FBI’s testing protocol. FMJ ammo easily penetrates 18-plus inches. Barrel length comes into play, as shorter barrels result in lower velocities, which can reduce expansion and penetration. Another factor is bullet weight. Heavier rounds offer more consistent penetration, whereas lighter rounds provide higher velocities and faster expansion.

Bullet Weight Options

9mm ammo is available in grain weights ranging from 50 to 185, with the most popular options being 115, 124, and 147 grains. Lightweight, high-velocity 90-grain rounds have gained traction for defensive use as well.

115-grain 9mm ammo is the most common you’ll find, especially at your big box stores. It typically appears in FMJ rounds for training and plinking due to its affordability, but there are also numerous hollow point options. The lighter-weight bullet tends to expand faster and penetrate less.

124-grain 9mm ammo is the NATO standard and offers a good balance between weight and velocity. This leads to both effective expansion and penetration with a hollow point bullet. The original 9×19 loading was a 124-grain projectile pushing around 1,100 fps to deliver close to 335 ft/lbs of muzzle energy. I have experienced the best accuracy with 124-grain ammo across a wide selection of handguns and pistol-caliber carbines.

147-grain 9mm ammo is often paired with suppressor use because the heavier load often travels at subsonic velocities. It’s also great for those who prefer a heavier defensive bullet or competition shooters looking to meet certain power factor requirements.

On the fringe, Liberty’s Ultra-Light +P rounds utilize a 50-grain bullet that clocks 2,040 fps. In contrast, Seismic Ammunition offers a 185-grain loading that reflects the doctrine, “Heavier Hits Harder.”

Self-Defense Ammo

With a plethora of options in both ammunition and handgun selection, the 9mm Luger is incredibly popular for personal protection. From concealed carry to home defense, 9mm performs well and can certainly get the job done. No, it’s not a guaranteed one-shot fight stopper, but shooters practicing proper shot placement will have good results.

The development and refinement of the double-stack semi-auto pistol has driven an increased demand for a greater and greater magazine capacity while retaining effective stopping power. The 9mm excels in this area. Shooters can have a 10, 15, and even 20-round capacity of an adequate self-defense round in an average-size handgun. Even pocket pistols chambered in 9mm pack around 10 rounds nowadays.

Because of this, and the increased practice of concealed carry across the States, there are more self-defense 9mm loads produced than ever. From high-pressure +P and +P+ loads to low-recoil options like Hornady Critical Defense Lite for recoil-sensitive shooters, there’s a 9mm round to fit every niche.

Top Loads

1. Speer Gold Dot 124-grain GDHP

The Speer Gold Dot is a tried-and-true defender and one of my personal favorites. A pressure-formed lead core is bonded to an extremely uniform jacket a single atom at a time, which virtually eliminates separation on impact. This means greater retained weight and deeper penetration. Further, the +P loading offers increased energy for maximum terminal performance. Speer carries a number of different versions of the popular Gold Dot, including a short barrel variation.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,150	364	Unavailable
25	1,092	328	0
50	1,044	300	-0.9
75	1,004	277	-3.8
100	969	259	-8.9

Speer Gold Dot Personal Protection 9mm Luger +P Ammo 124gr HP 50 Rounds

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2. Hornady Critical Duty 135-grain FlexLock JHP

Hornady’s Critical Duty has been a defensive staple for shooters in the know for over a decade. The jacketed hollow point projectile incorporates a patented FlexLock flex tip to eliminate clogging when passing through clothing, ensuring devastating expansion and sufficient penetration. It’s a popular choice for law enforcement due to its high-antimony lead core, which is designed to deliver controlled expansion and maximum weight retention for unparalleled terminal performance and barrier penetration.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,010	306	Unavailable
25	984	290	0
50	960	276	-1.3
75	938	264	-5.1
100	918	253	-11.2

Hornady Critical Duty 9mm Luger +P Ammo 135gr FlexLock 25 Rounds

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3. Sig Sauer 365 Elite V-Crown 115-grain JHP

Sig’s 365 Elite V-Crown is a newer offering optimized for use with concealed carry pistols that have shorter barrels. Its unique hollow point design creates a V-shaped main cavity on top of a deep, narrow trail to ensure a large wound channel with optimal penetration every time. Better yet, it features a nickel-plated casing that provides excellent lubricity and corrosion protection for reliable service day after day.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,050	282	Unavailable
25	1,008	259	+0.8
50	972	241	0
75	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
100	912	212	-8.7

Sig Sauer 365 Elite V-Crown 9mm Luger Ammo 115gr JHP 20 Rounds

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Competition/Target Ammo

The 9mm is also often used for competition and target shooting, for some of the same reasons it excels in self-defense, with the addition of its moderate recoil impulse. The high-capacity magazines and low recoil allow for fast follow-up shots and excellent accuracy. In general, serious competitive shooters prefer heavier 147-grain bullets because they tend to produce a softer recoil impulse that’s more akin to a straight-back push, rather than a snap.

Another consideration is making sure the ammunition meets the minimum power factor requirements for your class. Power factor is calculated by multiplying the round’s velocity and bullet weight and dividing by 1,000. Heavier bullets make meeting this factor easier without having to increase the velocity too much (which can lead to snappier recoil). Cleanliness is also a concern, as a dirtier round will gum up the action more, causing additional malfunctions and requiring greater upkeep.

Top Loads

1. Federal Syntech Training Match 147-grain TSJFN

Federal’s Syntech Match ammo is designed from the ground up for competition shooting and training. The total synthetic jacket bullet design protects against metal-on-metal contact between the bullet and barrel, eliminating copper and lead fouling for enhanced reliability. Additionally, clean-burning powders and the Catalyst lead-free primer deliver optimal pressures, consistent velocities, and unmatched accuracy in any environment.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,000	326	Unavailable
25	976	311	0
50	953	297	-1.4
75	933	284	-5.2
100	914	273	-11.5

Federal Syntech Training Match 9mm Luger Ammo 147gr TSJFN 50 Rounds

(25)

$32.99

$17.99

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2. Speer Lawman 147-grain TMJ

Speer Lawman is great for those who use Gold Dots for self-defense, because it offers a similar report. The total metal jacket bullet reduces fouling for lasting service, and the premium brass casing delivers smooth operation under stress. This is further aided by the clean-burning powders and propellants, which help keep your pistol running shot after shot.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	985	317	Unavailable
25	957	299	0
50	932	284	-1.5
75	909	270	-5.5
100	888	257	-12

Speer Lawman 9mm Luger Ammo 147gr TMJ 50 Rounds

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$27.99

$17.49

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3. Fiocchi Range Dynamics 147-grain FMJ

Similarly, Fiocchi’s Range Dynamics FMJ load provides comparable performance to its tactical and duty ammunition. It’s built with quality components at precise specifications to ensure smooth feeding, reliable ignition, and manageable recoil across a large selection of firearms. At 975 fps, it’s naturally subsonic, making it a great choice for shooting suppressed.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	975	310	Unavailable
25	949	294	0
50	925	279	-1.5
75	903	266	-5.6
100	882	254	-12.3

Fiocchi Range Dynamics 9mm Luger Ammo 147gr FMJ 50 Rounds

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$19.99

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Plinking/Training Ammo

The mass production of 9mm ammo has landed it at a price point great for casual plinking and range training. Cases and bulk packs are available from a number of different manufacturers for those looking to stock up. Unless you’re shooting rimfire, you’d be hard-pressed to find a more affordable and available round.

As mentioned above, the 9mm produces manageable recoil that is enough to practice effective recoil control, but not so much that it turns people off to shooting. This makes it a good option for training new shooters and practicing marksmanship fundamentals. I also find I enjoy shooting more when there’s a bit of a kick.

Top Loads

1. Remington UMC 115-grain FMJ

Remington UMC is a great, cheap option to buy in bulk. It’s brass-cased and utilizes non-corrosive “Kleanbore” primers for minimal wear on the firearm. To top it off, it’s loaded in the USA using freshly molded brass and premium powders.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,145	335	Unavailable
25	1,092	305	0
50	1,048	280	-0.9
75	1,011	261	-3.8
100	979	244	-8.8

Remington UMC 9mm Luger Ammo 115gr FMJ 50 Rounds

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$24.99

$12.99

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2. PMC Bronze 124-grain FMJ

PMC Bronze offers similar performance but in my experience is a cleaner practice round for roughly the same price. Tumble-polished and reloadable brass casings provide reliable service, while the FMJ projectile reduces barrel fouling. Because of my affinity for the 124-grain, that’s the version I selected, but as with the other options on this list, it is available in alternate grain weights.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,110	339	Unavailable
25	1,059	309	+0.7
50	1,017	285	0
75	980	264	-2.8
100	949	248	-7.9

PMC Bronze 9mm Luger Ammo 124gr FMJ 50 Rounds

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$20.99

$13.49

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3. Federal American Eagle 147-grain FMJ

Federal American Eagle is another great option for training and plinking. At around 1,000 fps, the 147-grain is great for suppressor use, offering excellent noise reduction at subsonic velocity. Better yet, this ammo features hand-selected, non-corrosive primers and is loaded in premium reloadable brass.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,000	326	Unavailable
25	976	311	0
50	953	297	-1.4
75	933	284	-5.2
100	914	273	-11.5

Federal American Eagle 9mm Luger Ammo 147gr FMJ 50 Rounds

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$32.99

$14.99

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Final Thoughts

From everyday carry and home defense to plinking and competition shooting, the 9mm Luger delivers dependable performance for shooters of all abilities and skill levels. There’s 9mm ammo for practically any application, thanks to a huge selection of different loadings from a wide variety of manufacturers.

With over 100 years of development, it’s interesting to see just how far this round has come, and it will be equally interesting to see where it goes in the future. If you haven’t tried the 9×19 yet, what exactly are you waiting for?

What are your favorite 9mm loads? What are your favorite 9mm firearms? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

The post Review: 9mm Luger Ammo — Brands and Performance appeared first on The Mag Life.

With a large assortment of .308 ammo available from several different manufacturers, there are numerous ways to tailor this round to your specific needs. However, before we dive into where the caliber is today, let’s cover a bit of its history and development.

Introduction to .308 Winchester

The .308 Winchester was introduced in 1952 as a development of the U.S. military’s T65 experimental series, which intended to modernize the current go-to rifle cartridge at the time: the .30-06 Springfield.

The .308 Winchester is a short-action cartridge with a 2.01-inch case length and 2.8-inch overall length. The military version is designated 7.62x51mm NATO and was derived by shortening the .30-06 case. It is shorter, lighter, and more efficient, which allows soldiers to carry more ammo and retain similar ballistic performance. Eventually, the M-14 in 7.62×51 replaced the M-1 Garand in .30-06 as the standard service rifle. It should be noted that the military version has a slightly lower pressure rating and, in some cases, different headspace dimensions compared to the commercial .308 Winchester.

But it wasn’t just the military, hunters also flocked to the .308 for some of the same reasons. Performance wasn’t far behind the .30-06, which had already proved its efficacy, and the short action made for a lighter rifle that was easier to handle and tote through the woods.

Many military and police snipers utilize .308 for their rifles because it’s accurate and fires a bullet heavy enough to penetrate obstacles such as dense wood, glass, and other mediums. While more powerful calibers have become increasingly popular in recent years, the .308 is still widely used. There’s no doubt this popularity translated to its widespread use in long-range competition environments as well.

Because of its military history, the .308 Winchester is often paired with AR-10s and other semi-auto battle rifles such as the SCAR 17 and FAL. It is also a common chambering for bolt-actions designed for hunting and dedicated precision shooting work.

Ballistic Performance

The original .308 Winchester loading was a 150-grain bullet pushing roughly 2,800 fps. Today, the cartridge is typically available with bullets weighing 125 to 200 grains. Lighter 125-grain bullets can reach 3,100 fps, while heavier 185-grain bullets travel closer to 2,500 fps.

Muzzle energy is typically between 2,500 and 3,000+ ft/lbs. At 200 yards, a 150-grain bullet generally retains over 1,800 ft/lbs of energy. Additionally, a standard 150-grain load drops roughly -7.5 inches at 250 yards and -50 inches at 500 yards.

Accuracy and Consistency

The best barrel length for .308 Winchester is generally from 18 to 20 inches, although 16-inch barrels are excellent for compact or suppressed builds, especially for close-range use. A 20-inch barrel delivers nearly maximum velocity for most loads, while a 16-inch barrel retains over 90 percent of the energy and performance of a 20-inch barrel, even out to 1,000 yards. If you’re really searching for peak efficiency for serious long-range shooting or precision work, a 22 to 24-inch barrel is your best bet.

The barrel’s twist rate will also come into play when trying to achieve the best performance out of your .308 rifle. Historically, a 1:12 twist was the most common, and it is still good for 150 to 168-grain bullets. With the advent of more projectile options, a 1:10 twist has become the modern standard for all-around use with bullets ranging from 168 to 210 grains. Most of the rifles on the market today will be in one of these camps. For more specialized use, a 1:11 twist rate is often viewed as the sweet spot for match shooters using 168 to 175-grain ammunition.

In general, longer, heavier bullets require faster twist rates like 1:10 for stability, while shorter, lighter bullets perform better with slower twists like 1:12. Faster twists are required to stabilize bullets at lower velocities, which is a byproduct of a heavier projectile.

Effective Range

So, if you have the proper rifle setup, what is the effective range of .308 Winchester? Most shooters consider the .308 accurate out to 1,000 yards. Past that, the bullet starts to turn subsonic, which reduces stability.

For ethical hunting, the .308 is effective out to 600 yards for deer, and about 350 yards or so for elk and larger game. Wind becomes the primary limiting factor at longer distances. Using a high ballistic coefficient bullet is essential for maintaining accuracy at long range.

Recoil

.308 Winchester recoil is often described as moderate. It’ll be more than an intermediate cartridge like the .223 Remington, but less than a larger round like the .30-06 Springfield.

For example, a .308 rifle weighing 7 pounds will generate about 21 ft/lbs of recoil. It will shove into the shooter’s shoulder and require a firm hold to recover but does not require excessive strength to manage.

Granted, that is just a dry figure to most people. Actual felt recoil is more subjective from person to person and rifle to rifle. Of course, the composition of the rifle’s stock, stock dimensions, and whether the rifle is equipped with a muzzle brake also come into play as far as felt recoil is concerned. In practice, any adult shooter with a modest amount of experience will not be troubled by the .308’s report. Kids and other recoil-sensitive shooters may have a harder time.

Penetration and Expansion

Part of what made the .308 so popular is its impressive penetration. On ballistic gelatin, standard hunting loads produce around 18 to 20 inches of penetration. Some heavy grain loads bring that up to past 30 inches. There are specialized loads with bonded or solid bullets that can even penetrate ⅜-inch steel, as well as armor-piercing rounds.

Additionally, .308 Winchester bullets typically expand to around 1.5 to 2 times their original diameter. You can achieve .60 to .75 inches while retaining 70 to 90 percent of the original weight.

Hunting with .308 Winchester

As mentioned above, the .308 Winchester quickly became a popular cartridge for hunting after its development. You get a sufficient amount of power in a relatively lightweight package that’s easy to transport for extended periods and distances. With proper loadings, it is perfectly capable of taking mid to large-size game such as deer, elk, and hog. It is even effective against bear when using a solid metal bullet.

There’s even .308 subsonic ammo for hunting with a suppressor. The 200-grain subsonic .308 is popular with feral hog hunters who often engage multiple targets in one outing. Naturally, this pairs well with a semi-auto rifle or even an SBR. The M&P10 is a great choice for this, as it provides excellent dependability for an affordable price that allows shooters to build off of and customize their rifle to their preferences and needs.

For more traditional hunting applications, there are plenty of great bolt-actions available in .308. The Ruger American, Remington 700, and Mossberg Patriot are three that come to mind because they provide outstanding performance at an attractive price. Savage also produces a number of great options that fit the bill.

For hunters looking for a little extra, the Winchester Model 70 provides exemplary service. It was the original rifle the round was used in, and Winchester still offers several variations for shooters of all preferences. The Featherweight and Extreme Weather versions are two great options to look into. As the name suggests, the former is lightweight for ease of carry, while the latter incorporates stainless components for improved protection from the elements.

Top Hunting Loads

1. Norma Whitetail SP 150-grain

Features:

• Premium Norma brass casings
• Clean-burning powders and propellants
• Flat-based bullet
• Exposed soft point and quick-expanding core

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,822	2,651	Unavailable
100	2,488	2,062	2
200	2,178	1,580	0
300	1,891	1,191	-9.4
400	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

*24-inch test barrel

Norma Whitetail .308 Winchester Ammo 150gr SP 20 Rounds

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$21.99

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2. Federal Fusion SP 180-grain

Features:

• Performance-enhanced hunting ammo
• Reloadable brass casings
• Non-corrosive boxer primers
• Clean-burning powders
• Proprietary Fusion bullet design

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,600	2,702	Unavailable
100	2,427	2,354	2.2
200	2,260	2,042	0
300	2,101	1,763	-9.1
400	1,947	1,515	-25.8
500	1,801	1,296	-51.9

Federal Fusion .308 Winchester Ammo 180gr SP 20 Rounds

$44.99

$29.99

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3. Hornady American Whitetail SST 150-grain

Features:

• Ideal for deer hunting applications
• Hand-polished brass casings
• Premium, clean-burning powders
• Hornady SST bullet
• High-quality, non-corrosive primers

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,810	2,629	-1.5
100	2,588	2,230	1.9
200	2,377	1,881	0
300	2,176	1,576	-8
400	1,984	1,311	-23.4
500	1,804	1,084	-47.6

*24-inch test barrel

Hornady American Whitetail Tipped .308 Winchester Ammo 150gr SST 20 Rounds

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.308 Win Precision Shooting

Although it’s not the premier caliber for long-range shooting anymore, there are still plenty that turn to the tried and true .308 for precision work. There’s plenty of ammo available to find a load that works well with your rifle, recoil is moderate for extended training sessions, and the power is there for reaching out to adequate distances. The heavier .30-caliber projectile stands up to high winds and provides predictable drop. It’s not as flat-shooting as some newer, higher-velocity rounds like the 6.5 Creedmoor, but with practice, you can still achieve impressive results.

For those interested in a semi-auto, the Springfield M1A has been ringing steel for decades — there’s even a National Match version produced that’s been accurized for improved performance. The glass-bedded action provides a solid platform for lasting shot-to-shot consistency.

If you’re just dipping your toe into the precision game, Savage makes the 110 Tactical and Axis II Precision rifles that both deliver outstanding accuracy at a price that’s hard to beat. For more seasoned shooters, there are plenty of high-end bolt guns chambered in .308. The Bergara B-14 HMR and Tikka T3X Tac A1 are both feature-packed rifles with adjustable stocks, free-float barrels, and tuned actions.

Top Precision Loads

1. Hornady Match 178-grain

Features:

• Clean-burning powders
• Premium primers and components
• Select Hornady brass casings
• Optimized for long-range performance

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,600	2,672	-1.5
100	2,436	2,345	2.2
200	2,278	2,050	0
300	2,125	1,785	-8.9
400	1,979	1,548	-25.5
500	1,839	1,337	-51

*24-inch test barrel

Hornady Match .308 Winchester Ammo 178gr BTHP 20 Rounds

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$48.99

$29.49

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2. PMC X-TAC Match 168-grain

Features:

• Premium target ammunition
• Open Tip Match (OTM) bullet
• Clean-burning powders
• Reloadable brass casings
• Non-corrosive primers

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,700	2,719	-1.5
100	2,503	2,337	2
200	2,314	1,998	0
300	2,133	1,697	-8.5
400	1,960	1,433	-24.7
500	1,797	1,205	-50

*24-inch test barrel

PMC X-Tac Match .308 Winchester Ammo 168gr OTM 20 Rounds

(2)

$32.99

$24.99

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3. Federal Gold Medal Match 175-grain

Features:

• Long-range hunting and target performance
• Sierra MatchKing boat-tail hollow-point (BTHP) bullets
• Clean-burning powders and propellants
• Premium brass casings

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,600	2,627	Unavailable
100	2,427	2,290	2.2
200	2,262	1,987	0
300	2,102	1,717	-9.1
400	1,949	1,476	-25.8
500	1,803	1,264	-51.8

Federal Premium Gold Medal Sierra MatchKing .308 Winchester Ammo 175gr BTHP 20 Rounds

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$48.99

$34.99

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.308 for Personal Defense

Of course, the .308 Winchester is also a popular choice for personal defense. After the 7.62 NATO’s military success, it’s no surprise the .308 became a go-to for civilian self-defense. While we’re dealing with shorter engagement distances and overpenetration is a concern, proper hollow point ammo still delivers solid results.

It’s not for everyone. If you live in a one-bedroom apartment, it’s not the best choice, but if you are defending a large property like a ranch or you live in the sticks, you’d be hard-pressed to find a better option.

Top Defensive Loads

1. Hornady Critical Defense Flextip 155-grain

Features:

• Performance-enhanced defensive ammo
• Patented FTX Flex Tip bullet design
• Nickel-plated casings
• Clean-burning powders
• Low-flash propellants

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,785	2,669	-1.5
100	2,499	2,150	0
200	2,231	1,713	-4.1
300	1,980	1,349	-15.2
400	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

*24-inch test barrel

Hornady Critical Defense Rifle .308 Winchester Ammo 155gr FTX 20 Rounds

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$52.99

$34.49

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Final Thoughts: .308 Winchester

When a design is right, it sometimes becomes quite legendary. With success in the hunting, precision, and defensive spheres, it’s evident that this is the case with the .308 Winchester. Skyrocketing in popularity led to the development of a large variety of .308 ammo specifically tailored to unique needs. Whether you’re a budding shooter or an experienced firearms enthusiast, the .308 should have a place in your gun safe.

Have you tried the .308 Winchester? What do you think is the best .308 ammo? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

The post .308 Winchester Ammo Review — Brands and Performance appeared first on The Mag Life.

With many rifles now offered in the renowned 6.5 CM, and a large variety of ammunition and brands available, there are now more ways than ever to get into this incredible round. But before we look at where the cartridge is today, let’s first examine its origins to understand what makes it so great.

6.5 Creedmoor Background

6.5 Creedmoor was first created by Hornady in 2007 as a long-range target shooting or match round. However, it quickly became apparent it was a great option for hunting medium-sized game animals and predators as well. It was developed to be accurate enough to win National Matches at Camp Perry, with less recoil than the .308 Winchester for faster recovery. Additionally, it shoots flatter and is less affected by wind.

Because of its intended purpose, the 6.5 CM is often used in bolt-actions as well as AR-style rifles, but it’s also available in a lever-action as the Henry Long Ranger.

With its short-action design and similar overall profile to a .308 Winchester cartridge, many 6.5 Creedmoor rifles are compatible with .308-pattern magazines. However, it’s a common misconception that the 6.5 CM is merely a necked-down .308. In reality, it owes its parentage to the .30 Thompson Center.

Since then, 6.5 Creedmoor has gained quite a following among precision rifle shooters, hunters, and gun owners who are generally interested in shooting longer distances using a potentially smaller platform than most of the large magnum rifles require.

6.5 CM Ballistics

When Hornady unveiled the 6.5 Creedmoor at SHOT Show 2007, it was initially produced in only two loads: the 120-grain and 140-grain A-Max. The 120-grain loading delivered a max velocity of 2,910 fps from a 24-inch barrel, while the 140-grain reached 2,710 fps. Because of the bullets’ high ballistic coefficients, the trajectories were superior to the .308 Winchester with far less recoil produced. Additionally, these projectiles, including newer loadings, stay supersonic out to 1,500 yards, allowing them to provide consistent accuracy at long range.

Recoil

As mentioned above, the felt recoil of 6.5 Creedmoor is comparable to that of the .308 Winchester and often significantly less. It’s a reasonably light-recoiling round. However, felt recoil can be largely dependent on the specific firearm, setup, and individual shooter. Some have even compared the 6.5 CM’s felt recoil to twice that of touching off a .223 round from a bolt-action.

Aside from simply being more pleasant on the shoulder (it’s a gentle shove), this aids in accuracy. The less recoil a shooter must deal with, the easier it is to follow through and get back on target quicker to lay out subsequent shots. Shooters also tend to flinch less, which typically allows for greater accuracy and more focus on marksmanship fundamentals. After all, marksmanship is what this round was initially developed for.

Twist Rate

To get the proper performance out of your 6.5 Creedmoor rifle, Hornady recommends having a barrel with at least a 1:8 twist rate. This means that the bullet makes one complete rotation every eight inches it travels down the barrel. With a 24-inch barrel, this ensures it makes three complete rotations before exiting, which facilitates proper stabilization.

Penetration and Expansion

The 6.5 Creedmoor is highly effective for hunting because it balances deep penetration with reliable expansion. In ballistic gelatin testing, many loads frequently exceed 20 inches of penetration, ensuring the projectile reaches the vital organs of medium-sized game. Specialized rounds like the Hornady 120-grain CX can even penetrate beyond 30 inches.

This depth is complemented by significant terminal damage, as high-quality hunting rounds typically expand to a diameter of roughly 0.62 inches, or approximately 2.4 times the original caliber. Further, modern bullet designs offer excellent weight retention — between 60 and 80 percent — allowing the bullet to maintain the mass necessary to punch through thick shoulders and dense tissue.

6.5 Creedmoor Ammo vs. Popular Alternatives

Of course, 6.5 Creedmoor isn’t the only player in the game, and it’s competing against several popular alternatives. The first is one I’ve already mentioned: the .308 Winchester. 6.5 CM produces similar terminal ballistics to the .308, but with a lighter bullet going at a greater velocity. This makes for a flatter shooting round, especially at greater distances.

Additionally, there are two other popular 6.5 rounds — the 6.5 PRC and 6.5 Grendel — that some often turn to instead. Think of the 6.5 PRC as a magnum 6.5 CM cartridge. It offers 200-250 fps higher velocity for flatter trajectories and increased energy, but at the cost of harsher recoil and shorter barrel life. In contrast, the 6.5 Grendel can be viewed as a compact 6.5 CM designed for use in AR-15 rifles. It does well under 400 yards and exhibits less recoil, but offers significantly less energy and range.

The 6.5 Creedmoor also often gets compared to more intermediate cartridges like the .243 Winchester and 5.56 NATO. These both do well under 300 yards, but lack the performance at extended ranges to really compete with the 6.5 CM. They are great options for young and recoil-sensitive shooters, though.

Then there are rounds like 6mm ARC, a newcomer to the short-action cartridge catalog, but they’re not as popular or widely available. Like 6.5 Grendel, 6mm ARC is designed for use in lighter-weight and more compact AR-15 rifles, but compared to 6.5 Creedmoor, it falls short in terms of muzzle energy and effective range.

Handloading

There are plenty of options for handloading 6.5 Creedmoor ammo as well. SAAMI lists the maximum pressure of the 6.5 Creedmoor as 62,000 psi. The standard case capacity is 52.5 gr H20. There are plenty of manufacturers making components and dies, so for the experienced handloader, the world is your oyster. Many seasoned reloaders consider Hodgdon H4350 the gold standard powder for 6.5 CM. Additionally, 6.5mm bullets tend to be jump insensitive, meaning they perform well even when seated at the SAMMI standard length of 2.800-2.825 inches.

Hunting with 6.5 Creedmoor

Before diving into the details of hunting with 6.5 Creedmoor, it’s important to understand that it’s not a magic death ray that turns targets into pink mist. The terminal performance on targets is effective in most cases, but it’s by no means the cartridge of choice for taking down large and dangerous game such as elephants, rhinos, and the big cats. If used within its limitations, it’s an excellent round that excels in many areas. Namely, retained velocity at long ranges. Of course, there are other cartridges that can beat it, but they tend to have their own drawbacks.

So, given the ballistics we discussed, what can you hunt with 6.5 Creedmoor? Deer hunting is by far the most common, especially here in the States. Its flat trajectory and retained long-range terminal performance make taking deer at all ethical ranges a breeze. Using a 120 to 147-grain bullet, it provides sufficient penetration for both whitetail and mule deer, and it prospers in open, windy conditions because of its high ballistic coefficient. Additionally, the round is quite effective against similar animals like pronghorn antelope as well.

6.5 CM is also a great choice for small predators and varmints such as coyotes due to its high velocity and low recoil, allowing for fast follow-up shots. 6.5 Creedmoor produces enough power and penetration to fell feral hogs, particularly at longer ranges.

There are plenty of great 6.5 Creedmoor hunting rifles. Two of the most popular are the Savage Axis and Mossberg Patriot, which are both accurate, affordable, and dependable bolt-action rifles. The Ruger American is another excellent budget option. You can also go with an AR-10 rifle chambered in 6.5 Creedmoor. This allows for more customization and tailoring to the individual shooter but can cost a bit more.

Top Hunting Loads

With proper ammo selection, 6.5 CM can take a multitude of game both large and small. Shot placement is key, and the larger game you attempt to take, the more precise you will have to be. Fortunately, the 6.5 Creedmoor delivers in the accuracy department, so shooters have the ability to be surgical with their shot placement, even when long-range hunting.

1. Hornady 143-grain ELD-X Precision Hunter

Features:

• Best in class ballistic coefficient
• Clean-burning powders
• Select Hornady brass casings
• Premium Hornady components
• Matched powders and primers
• Optimized for long-range performance

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,700	2,315	-1.5
100	2,556	2,075	1.9
200	2,417	1,855	0
300	2,282	1,654	-7.9
400	2,151	1,470	-22.4
500	2,025	1,302	-44.5

*24-inch test barrel

Hornady Precision Hunter 6.5 Creedmoor Ammo 143gr ELD-X 20 Rounds

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$56.95

$37.99

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2. Remington 129-grain Core-Lokt Tipped

Features:

• Optimized for hunting deer, elk, and hog
• Proprietary Core-Lokt projectile
• Polymer tip for superior accuracy and expansion
• Polished brass casings
• Hand-selected powders and components

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,945	2,484	Unavailable
100	2,751	2,168	1.6
200	2,566	1,886	0
300	2,388	1,633	-6.8
400	2,217	1,408	-19.8
500	2,053	1,207	-39.8

Remington Core-Lokt Tipped 6.5mm Creedmoor Ammo 129gr PT 20 Rounds

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$50.99

$29.99

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3. Federal 130-grain Terminal Ascent

Features:

• Patented Slipstream polymer tip for devastating expansion
• Bonded lead core
• Nickel-plated brass casings
• Clean-burning powders
• Non-corrosive primers
• AccuChannel groove design reduces drag
• Extremely high ballistic coefficient

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,800	2,263	Unavailable
100	2,629	1,995	1.8
200	2,464	1,752	0
300	2,305	1,533	-7.5
400	2,152	1,337	-21.6
500	2,005	1,160	-43.1

Federal Premium Terminal Ascent 6.5 Creedmoor Ammo 130gr Bonded PT 20 Rounds

$70.99

$47.99

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6.5 CM and Precision Shooting

When getting into precision shooting, the main question often asked is: How far can 6.5 Creedmoor shoot? I’d argue it’s more important to ask: How far out is 6.5 CM accurate and does it retain enough ballistic performance for an effective hit? 6.5 Creedmoor delivers impressive performance even past 1,000 yards, with some shooters routinely getting shots as far as 1 mile (1,760 yards). For practiced precision marksmen, you may be able to stretch that out further with the proper loading and a high-quality rifle.

As discussed before, the 6.5 Creedmoor is an incredibly flat-shooting round with a high ballistic coefficient, which makes it a great choice for long-range precision shooting. After all, that’s what it was designed for. It is a good option for those getting into the sport, as well as experienced shooters, because of its relatively light recoil and muzzle blast. This allows you to form good habits and focus on your shot placement.

This can be further aided by the use of a suppressor. The 6.5 CM takes well to sound suppression, and the decreased report tends to reduce the shooter’s chance of flinching. The benefits of sound, recoil, and muzzle blast reduction can also reduce fatigue and allow for more trigger time to practice.

Some of the most popular precision rifles are available chambered in 6.5 Creedmoor. One of the best options is the Ruger Precision Rifle. Due to its sheer amount of features for the price, the Ruger RPR provides excellent value. The stock allows for adjustable length of pull, cheek rest height, and horizontal position, as well as buttpad height. Its heavy-contour barrel absorbs heat well and provides consistent accuracy. Finally, the Marksman trigger is completely customizable for the individual shooter.

On a similar note, Sako’s TRG 22 A1 in 6.5 CM is a robust build with guaranteed sub-MOA performance out of the box.

Bergara also offers its B-14 HMR rifle in 6.5 CM that provides excellent accuracy. It features an integrated mini chassis molded into the stock that provides consistent performance, while a free-float barrel ensures optimal precision. This is a great option for those who want to use the same rifle for both long-range competition shooting and hunting.

Top Precision Loads

Accuracy out to those longer ranges will also largely depend on your ammo selection. A heavier projectile will experience more drop. A lighter bullet tends to be more affected by wind. A higher velocity can help the round keep a more uniform path as it travels down range. Ultimately, some loads will perform better with your specific rifle than others. This makes it a good idea to try out a few and go with what seems to be getting you the most consistent results.

1. Hornady 147-grain ELD Match

Features:

• Match-grade performance
• Extremely low drag
• Heat shield tips
• Reloadable brass casings
• Carefully matched powder
• Strict quality control

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,650	2,183	-1.5
100	2,518	1,970	2.0
200	2,384	1,767	0
300	2,255	1,581	-8.1
400	2,131	1,411	-23.1
500	2,010	1,256	-45.7

*24-inch test barrel

Hornady Match 6.5 Creedmoor Ammo 147gr ELD Match 20 Rounds

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$64.99

$32.99

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2. Federal 140-grain Gold Medal Berger Hybrid

Features:

• Hybrid hunting and target ammo
• Berger Hybrid Target boat tail hollow point projectiles
• Clean-burning powders and propellants
• Premium brass casings
• Match-grade accuracy
• Extremely high ballistic coefficient

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,650	2,183	-1.5
100	2,518	1,970	2.0
200	2,384	1,767	0
300	2,255	1,581	-8.1
400	2,131	1,411	-23.1
500	2,010	1,256	-45.7

Federal Premium Gold Medal Berger 6.5 Creedmoor Ammo 140gr Hybrid Target BTHP 20 Rounds

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$51.99

$35.99

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3. Nosler 140-grain Match Grade RDF

Features:

• Reloadable brass casings
• Non-corrosive boxer primers
• Clean-burning powders
• Exceptionally high ballistic coefficient
• Match-grade hollow point boat tail projectile
• Reduced drag factor bullet design

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,650	2,183	-1.5
100	2,518	1,970	2.0
200	2,384	1,767	0
300	2,255	1,581	-8.1
400	2,131	1,411	-23.1
500	2,010	1,256	-45.7

Nosler Match-Grade 6.5 Creedmoor Ammo 140gr HPBT RDF 20 Rounds

$39.99

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Final Thoughts

When a new cartridge is introduced, it’s always met with some skepticism. Even if it’s a good idea, there’s still a fair chance it may not take off simply due to the sheer amount of options available, especially in our current market. However, the 6.5 Creedmoor has shown that with the proper support, a good design can succeed.

The 6.5 CM is an excellent choice if you’re looking to stretch out your shooting without dealing with all the hassles that larger magnum calibers present. You get an exceptionally flat shooting round with relatively light recoil in a fairly compact overall package; what more could you ask for?

What do you think of the 6.5 Creedmoor? How do you use this incredible cartridge? Share your thoughts in the comment section below.

The post Complete Review: 6.5 Creedmoor Ammunition — Performance and Top Brands appeared first on The Mag Life.

That’s what drew a friend to a Savage Axis 2. A $75 rebate on an already budget-friendly rifle made it irresistible to him. It’s his first hunting rifle, and he brought it to my property to sight it in, shoot, and learn a thing or two. We spent the day blasting through a healthy amount of .270 ammo and taking the rifle through its paces from 50 to 200 yards.

Beyond Bare Bones

There are many Savage Axis 2 rifles in various calibers and configurations. This particular model is a .270 Winchester variant with an FDE polymer stock. According to Savage, the deal came with a Bushnell Banner 3-9X scope that was mounted and even bore-sighted from the factory. It’s a basic rifle in most senses, but it does perform at a level that surprised me.

He spent $500 and received a $75 mail-in rebate. To score a rifle and optic for a total of $425 isn’t a bad deal. The Savage Axis 2 comes with the Savage AccuTrigger, which is a user-adjustable trigger designed to be light and short but safe.

In the center sits a very thin metal device that protrudes away from the trigger. This device pivots rearward when you pull the trigger and acts like a safety. When you get through the pivot, you’re touching the trigger, which is very light and short by design.

The Axis 2 uses a four-round detachable box magazine, so it’s quick and easy to clean the gun. A detachable magazine also makes it easy to fix or replace a broken one, while internal magazines can be a bit of a pain to repair. Without surprise, the budget-friendly Axis 2 uses a push-feed configuration.

The .270 variant of the Axis 2 features a 22-inch barrel, and it’s surprisingly light. At 6.3 pounds, it won’t weigh you down all that much. For stalking through the woods and climbing a tree stand, the lighter the rifle, the better it is in most cases. The rifle is 42.5 inches long overall, and the length of pull is a comfy 13.75 inches.

Shouldering the Axis 2

According to Savage, the Axis 2 features enhanced ergonomics. I always hate when companies use such vague terms. I can’t say how ‘enhanced’ the ergonomics are, but I can say the Axis feels surprisingly nice. As mentioned, it’s super lightweight and impressively comfortable.

The pistol grip is thin but comfortable and easy to wrap your hand around. The forend also features relief cuts to allow for a better grip of the front of the gun. It’s easy to grab and hold onto, making it easy for different-sized shooters to grab the rifle and go.

The Axis 2 uses a large tang safety naturally placed for easy thumb access. It’s textured and can easily be silently pressed from safe to fire. The bolt handle uses a large T-handle-style design that allows for good positive engagement on the bolt for total control. It’s large enough to work with gloves in case it’s cold and harsh outside.

The trigger guard doesn’t feel as glove-friendly. It’s not particularly wide, so depending on the thickness of your glove, it might feel restrained. Luckily, we’re in Florida, and we don’t need mittens.

To The Range

The first thing we have to do is zero the rifle scope. We did some research and settled on a 50-yard zero. In Florida, we don’t hunt in open areas, and a 50-yard zero would easily carry us to 200 yards. A 200-yard shot in northwest Florida is unheard of, and I typically just shotgun hunt due to how thick our tropical rainforests and swamps seem to be.

The boresight was true, and our impacts were close to the point of aim. What wasn’t close was the adjustment of the Bushnell Banner. It’s listed as a ¼ MOA adjustment. So, at 50 yards, it should be ⅛ of an inch per click. It wasn’t. We measured carefully, did the math, and even double-checked it. We made the adjustments and fired again.

The point of impact radically shifted. I measured the distance, and it seems like each click was ½ inch at 50 yards, which means at 100 yards, each click was 1 MOA. It’s clearly printed ¼ inch on the turrets. We redid the adjustments completely and took it back to zero, and this time, we used the ½ MOA as our measurements.

Surprise, we were zeroed. Once zeroed, we left the scope as is. The Bushnell Banner has a very budget-friendly scope. It’s one of the cheapest 3-9X outside of those random Chinese companies you see on Amazon with crazy names. The Banner ended up remaining zeroed and is still zeroed now, a few weeks later. However, its design contains flaws, and if this was my rifle, I’d swap the optic.

Accuracy At The Range

Once the optic was zeroed, we started shooting at 50, 100, and 200 yards. I’m not as good of a rifleman as I once was, but in a supported sled, we produced 1 MOA and slightly smaller groups with Remington Core-Lokt 150-grain projectiles.

We removed the sled and shot in supported positions and made very nice groups within the 2 MOA range. (Both of us need some practice.) In the offhand, we rang a 4-inch steel gong with regularity. The Axis 2 will certainly ruin Bambi’s day.

The AccuTrigger looks very nice. The light trigger and short pull help take the trigger out of the equation. I am impressed by it and find it quite nice for such a budget-friendly rifle. What’s not so impressive is the action. It’s not smooth at all. It’s functional, but it’s gritty, and it takes some effort to work. This is where the budget nature of the rifle rears its head.

Recoil will feel stiff if you’ve spent your shooting life with AR-15s. A bolt-action rifle in a full power centerfire caliber will feel stiff but not painful. It doesn’t beat you up, and you can comfortably shoot for extended sessions. Reliability wasn’t an issue in any way. It went bang every time we pulled the trigger. That’s lucky because .270 isn’t cheap.

Final Thoughts

I like the rifle and its ergonomics, price point, and performance. I don’t like the optic, though. I would purchase the Savage Axis 2 without the optic. Save a little extra money and buy your own optic. If you do that, the price savings and the 75-dollar rebate should allow you to get a better optic than the Bushnell Banner 3-9X.

The Savage Axis 2 is a mix of clearly budget decisions, like the action, with some surprisingly nice features, like the stock. For the price point, I think you are getting a solid rifle that deserves a better optic.

The post Savage Axis 2 in .270: A Perfect Hunting Rifle appeared first on The Mag Life.