History of the .30-30 Winchester

Introduced in 1895 by Winchester Repeating Arms Company, the .30-30 Winchester was originally designated the .30 WCF (Winchester Center Fire). It was also frequently called .30 Winchester Smokeless, .30/30, and .30-30.

The round has close ties with Winchester’s lever-action rifles, specifically the 1894, and later, the subsequent Model 94. This was the first firearm to chamber the new cartridge after all. When Marlin adopted the cartridge for the Model 1893 rifle, it didn’t want to stamp its competitor’s name “Winchester” on the rifle, so it was designated the .30-30 — representing a .30-caliber bullet loaded with 30 grains of powder. This name caught on and was made official by the mid 1940s. Now, anyone manufacturing a lever-action rifle offers a version chambered in the .30-30.

The .30-30 Winchester was the first American small-bore cartridge utilizing smokeless powder. It was based on the .38-55 Winchester, which was necked down to hold a .308-inch diameter bullet. The cartridge was designed for medium game hunting, and it eventually became THE deer hunting round of the 20th century. Today, the round remains popular for hunting, competition, target shooting, and even self-defense.

.30-30 Ballistic Performance

Bullet Weight, Velocity, Energy, and Trajectory

.30-30 Winchester ammo is available in a number of bullet weights and loadings for different shooting applications. The initial load utilized a 160-grain bullet traveling just under 2,000 fps, yielding close to 1,400 ft/lbs of energy at the muzzle. This was quickly replaced by a 170-grain load capable of hitting 2,200 fps and delivering over 1,800 ft/lbs, which became the new standard.

Higher velocity 150-grain loads are also popular. Overall, bullet weights for the .30-30 range between 125 and 190 grains, the latter offering subsonic performance for suppressor use. With a 100-yard zero, .30-30 typically drops between 6 and 8 inches at 200 yards, and 25 to 30 inches at 300 yards.

Accuracy and Effective Range

Because of its prominent use in tubular magazines, most .30-30 ammo features a round or flat nose bullet, which reduces the ballistic coefficient, limiting its effective range. Energy and velocity drop off fairly quickly, and it is largely considered a 200-yard max hunting cartridge. Most hunters’ shooting abilities are within this range and will not feel restricted by the cartridge’s limitations. It should be noted that at the time it was developed, riflescopes were a rarity, and most shooters were using iron sights in the field.

Recoil and Shootability

.30-30 is known for its incredibly manageable recoil. It’s generally described as a slow shove rather than a sharp kick, with most loads producing an average of 11 ft/lbs of energy.

Felt recoil can vary by rifle, with traditional lever-action rifles with more stock drop transferring more into the shoulder than modern rifles with a straight stock. Either way, it’s still a good round for young and recoil-sensitive shooters wishing to shoot a centerfire rifle caliber. It’s also fun for plinking at the range and extended training sessions.

Penetration and Expansion

Shooters can expect 20 to 30 inches of penetration with the .30-30 Winchester. Traditional soft point ammo tends to penetrate about 20 to 25 inches, while solid copper monolithic rounds can achieve over 30 inches. Because of the slower velocity and heavy bullet design, .30-30 will typically travel through light barriers and bone without much deflection.

Both soft point and hollow point rounds expand to roughly twice their original diameter, resulting in 0.60 to 0.65 inches. .30-30 is known for its excellent weight retention, and quality expanding loads retain 80 to 95 percent of their initial weight. Again, this is due to their moderate velocities, which prevent the intense forces that tear bullets apart.

Hunting with .30-30 Winchester

.30-30 is a wildly popular hunting cartridge, especially for deer hunting. It offers sufficient power for medium game within 200 yards, as well as moderate recoil for easy handling for a wide range of people. The lever-action rifle provides ample firepower and a fast reload if follow-up shots are needed, making it a solid choice for feral hogs as well. Additionally, excellent accuracy can be achieved with both iron sights and a scope. Given its rich history in the field, there are plenty of great hunting loads with both soft point and hollow point bullets.

Top Loads

1. Norma Whitetail 150-grain SP

Norma Whitetail is a classic deer round offering dependable performance. A flat-based bullet provides consistent accuracy, while the exposed soft point and quick-expanding lead core deliver exceptional energy for cavernous penetration on impact. Its versatile design is not just limited to deer — it’s suitable for a wide range of hunting applications.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,362	1,858	Unavailable
100	1,987	1,315	0
200	1,652	909	-7.3
300	1,368	623	-27.5

Norma Whitetail .30-30 Winchester Ammo 150gr SP 20 Rounds

(1)

$27.99

$21.99

Save $6.00

Shop Now

2. Federal Fusion 170-grain SP

Federal boasts its Fusion ammo line offers the largest expansion and highest weight retention in head-to-head comparisons against the competition. Designed specifically for deer hunting, the round features a molecularly-bonded jacket as well as a pressure-formed core for maximum energy transfer on the target. For superior hunting performance, look no further than Federal Fusion.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,200	1,827	Unavailable
100	1,950	1,435	0
200	1,719	1,115	-7.7
300	1,510	860	-27.2
400	1,329	666	Unavailable
500	1,182	527	Unavailable

Federal Fusion .30-30 Winchester Ammo 170gr SP 20 Rounds

(3)

$36.99

$24.99

Save $12.00

Shop Now

3. Barnes VOR-TX 150-grain TSX

Featuring a solid copper bullet, Barnes VOR-TX ammo delivers deep penetration, max weight retention, and devastating expansion for improved terminal performance on larger game. The precision-cut rings in the bullet shank act as relief valves, allowing the projectile to expand into the grooves for increased surface area. Further, this .30-30 ammo incorporates clean-burning powders and propellants loaded in premium brass casings for consistent ignition, flat trajectories, and improved muzzle velocities.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,335	1,816	Unavailable
100	1,905	1,209	0
200	1,532	782	-8.8

Barnes VOR-TX Rifle .30-30 Winchester Ammo 150gr TSX FN FB 20 Rounds

$44.99

$34.99

Save $10.00

Shop Now

Competition and Target Shooting

.30-30 rifles are incredibly popular for lever-action rifle silhouette matches where shooters use iron sights to engage steel animal targets out to around 200 yards. The .30-30 Winchester is also a fun round for casual plinking and target shooting.

There’s something about slowing down from the semi-auto and getting behind a good lever-action that brings a smile to the face. It’s a great way to train newer shooters on the fundamentals of marksmanship. After a round is fired, the firearm is safe and must be intentionally reloaded manually before firing again.

Top Loads

1. Hornady LEVERevolution 160-grain FlexTip

Although it’s primarily designed for hunting, Hornady’s LEVERevolution is a great target load as well. The polymer-tipped bullet improves aerodynamics for more accurate long-range performance. The higher ballistic coefficient consistently produces a flatter trajectory than conventional flat-point ammo. With a polymer tip, this .30-30 ammo is still safe to use in tubular magazines.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,400	2,046	-1.5
100	2,151	1,643	3
200	1,917	1,305	0
300	1,700	1,027	-12.5

Hornady LEVERevolution .30-30 Winchester Ammo 160gr FTX 20 Rounds

(4)

$41.95

$27.99

Save $13.96

Shop Now

2. Sellier & Bellot 150-grain SP

S&B’s .30-30 Winchester ammo utilizes a semi-jacketed soft point bullet for controlled expansion and high weight retention. This is a good round for hunting, but at its affordable price, it’s an excellent choice for practice as well. Premium brass casings loaded with clean-burning powders and matched primers make for reliable ignition and consistent velocities.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,389	1,900	Unavailable
100	2,051	1,401	0
200	1,742	1,010	-6.3
300	1,455	705	-24.3
400	1,193	474	-58.9

Sellier & Bellot .30-30 Winchester Ammo 150gr SJSP 20 Rounds

(6)

$21.95

$19.99

Save $1.96

Shop Now

3. PPU Rifle Line 150-grain SP

This .30-30 Winchester ammo from PPU is a performance-enhanced centerfire rifle load designed to deliver reliable target shooting and hunting performance at an affordable price. Clean-burning powders and propellants keep you shooting longer between cleaning sessions. If that’s not enough, this flat-tipped ammo features reloadable brass casings for smooth operation and positive extraction/ejection with most lever guns.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,390	1,902	Unavailable
100	2,030	1,375	0
200	1,710	972	-7
300	1,425	678	-26.1

PPU Standard Rifle .30-30 Winchester Ammo 150gr FSP 20 Rounds

$27.99

$23.99

Save $4.00

Shop Now

.30-30 for Self-Defense

Although it’s not often recommended in the age of semi-autos, the .30-30 Winchester is a worthy choice for self-defense. Hollow points provide reliable expansion and effective terminal performance.

One of the main advantages of using a lever-action for self-defense is its reliability across a range of different loads of varying power. Because you manually cycle the action, low-velocity loads can be utilized without affecting dependability. This reduces the risk of overpenetration on two-legged targets and improves noise reduction for suppressor use.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Subsonic 175-grain Sub-X

Loaded with Hornady’s patented FlexTip bullets, this ammo delivers reliable expansion and superior lethality at subsonic velocities. Long grooves in the metal jacket combine with the flat profile for improved expansion at lower velocities. Further, unique powders provide a low flash signature for shooting at night and in low light.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,050	428	-1.5
100	977	371	0
200	921	329	-34.9
300	874	297	-110.8

Hornady Subsonic .30-30 Winchester Ammo 175gr Sub-X 20 Rounds

(3)

$42.99

$26.99

Save $16.00

Shop Now

2. Federal Power-Shok 170-grain SP

Designed for hunting but just at home in the personal defense arena, Federal Power-Shok offers consistent accuracy and proven performance in your classic lever-action. The jacketed soft point bullet delivers predictable expansion, while quality brass, primers, and powder ensure lasting service shot after shot. It is also available in a 150-grain loading if that’s more your speed.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,200	1,827	Unavailable
100	1,894	1,354	0
200	1,619	990	-8.4
300	1,380	719	-30
400	1,191	535	Unavailable
500	1,060	424	Unavailable

Federal Power-Shok .30-30 Winchester Ammo 170gr JSP 20 Rounds

(16)

$34.99

$22.99

Save $12.00

Shop Now

Final Thoughts

Whether it’s for hunting, target shooting, or self-defense, the .30-30 Winchester shines, especially when paired with a quality lever-action rifle. With a number of loadings from trusted manufacturers, there’s .30-30 ammo tailored for optimal performance in a variety of shooting applications. If you go with any of the options mentioned above, you’re sure to experience great results.

How have you used the .30-30 Winchester? What are some of your favorite loads? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

The post .30-30 Winchester Ammo — Performance and Top Loads appeared first on The Mag Life.

History of the .45 Long Colt

Arriving at a pivotal point in U.S. history during continued western expansion and escalating conflicts with Native American tribes, the .45 Colt was designed as a replacement military sidearm cartridge. Current .44-caliber offerings were proving to be ineffective, and something with a bit more capability was needed. The U.S. Army specified the cartridge must be powerful enough to take down an Indian war horse at 100 yards.

Colt entered the handgun trials with the Single Action Army (SAA) revolver in 1872, and by 1873, the handgun and cartridge were officially adopted. The .45 Colt was originally a black powder round, and it was adapted to modern smokeless powder in the late 1890s. It featured a heavier, 255-grain bullet over 40 grains of black powder to produce a muzzle velocity around 1,000 feet per second.

The “Long Colt” designation came about a bit later in the mid-1870s after the army began issuing the new Smith and Wesson Schofield revolver, and shorter .45 S&W Schofield cartridge, to cavalry units. The Colt could fire both rounds, but the S&W could not.

Primarily a handgun cartridge, it wasn’t until much later that the .45 Long Colt was tweaked for use in rifles. The initial soft, balloon-head case was not suited to extracting from rifles. Modern ammo and bullet design have rectified the issue.

Today, the round remains popular for hunting, self-defense, and target shooting from both rifles and handguns.

How the .45 LC Stacks Up

In many ways, the .45 ACP can be viewed as a .45 Colt for semi-auto firearms. They’re each .45s and Colts after all. Both push a heavy, 200+ grain bullet at moderate velocities. However, the .45 Long Colt has much more potential. High-pressure +P .45 LC loads can push a heavy 300+ grain bullet over 1,200 fps to generate more than 1,000 ft/lbs of energy (as opposed to the .45 ACP’s standard 370 ft/lbs). This allows the round to stretch further into the hunting territory, capable of taking elk, moose, and bear.

Compared to another high-power revolver cartridge, the .44 Magnum, the .45 Colt achieves similar amounts of energy, but in different ways. The .44 Magnum relies more on velocity to hit hard, while the .45 Colt utilizes a heavier projectile. .45 Colt is also more versatile, with low-power loads falling into the 400 ft/lbs range. This allows it to be used across a range of historic firearms.

Ballistic Performance

Bullet Weights, Velocity, and Energy

.45 Colt bullets typically range from 200 to 300 grains. Factory loads are generally 225 and 255 grains, with historic ammo falling between 250 and 255 grains. Lighter bullets are excellent for target shooting, plinking, and competition shooting. They generally exhibit less felt recoil and make for faster follow-up shots.

Heavy bullets are mostly found in +P loads that are designed for modern, robust revolvers and geared toward hunting and animal defense. These may even be designated as “Ruger Only” to prevent damage to more historically inclined firearms.

Given the large variation in ammunition selection, .45 Colt can deliver between 400 and 1,000+ ft/lbs of energy. Velocity can range from 700 to 900 fps in standard pressure ammo, and up to 1,400 fps in +P ammunition. Firing from a lever-action can add 200 to 300 fps due to the increased barrel length and extra burn time.

Accuracy and Effective Range

The .45 Colt is an inherently accurate cartridge with proper ammunition. Traditional lead ammo must be matched to the firearm’s chamber mouth for consistent accuracy. In some cases, shooters may need to handload for the best results. Jacketed bullets help bypass this issue for improved accuracy. Good shooters can even reach out to 200 yards if the eyes allow for it.

However, the heavy bullet of the .45 Colt limits the effective range to 100 yards or less. Its rainbow-like trajectory makes range estimation for distance shooting key. Bullet drop is significant and must be factored into your calculations.

Recoil and Shootability

.45 Long Colt recoil can range anywhere from mild to harsh, depending on load and firearm selection. Light cowboy loads can be fired all day by a variety of shooters without much strain. Heavy hunting loads from a revolver exhibit magnum-like recoil and require a bit of practice for effective control. Shifting to a rifle can help distribute recoil forces more evenly for easier management.

Penetration and Expansion

At the time it was introduced, the .45 Colt was a showstopper in terms of penetration, producing better results than any other handgun cartridge available. Standard .45 Colt loads will penetrate 12 to 14 inches in gel and tissue. History has shown it easily punches through multiple 1-inch wood boards. Modern +P ammo only increases this, producing 18 to 24+ inches of bone-shattering penetration.

Expansion for the .45 Colt relies on proper hollow point ammunition. Most loads will mushroom out to around 0.75 to 1 inch in diameter. Velocity is important for consistent expansion. Most cowboy loads do not reach this threshold.

For the best results, look for a round that reaches at least 850 to 900 fps. Some bullets, like the FlexTip from Hornady, are designed for improved expansion. It features a polymer tip that drives into the bullet, causing it to expand more reliably. Some rounds strictly rely on fluid hydraulic energy for expansion.

Hunting with .45 Long Colt

Within its effective range, the .45 Long Colt is an excellent round for hunting. Anything from deer and feral hogs to black bear and big cats can be taken with ease. Even moose, elk, and large game can be had with heavy +P ammo. As with everything, ammo selection is important, and shooters should stick with flat nose expanding bullets or hard-cast rounds.

Standard pressure rounds are safe for use in Colt SAA revolvers and replicas from manufacturers like Cimarron and Uberti. Heavy and +P loads should be reserved for Ruger Blackhawks and lever-actions such as the Marlin 1894.

Notably, with a slow, heavy bullet, trajectory drop is significant as range increases. This makes shot placement imperative. Make sure you practice with your firearm and load selection to ensure an ethical kill.

Top Loads

1. Hornady LEVERevolution 225-grain FlexTip

For hunting with a lever-action in .45 Colt, look no further than Hornady’s LEVERevolution. Featuring a polymer FlexTip hollow point bullet, the round delivers improved aerodynamics for increased long-range accuracy. Additionally, the polymer tip drives into the hollow point cavity, causing consistent expansion and enhanced mushrooming.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	960	460	-1.5
50	903	407	0
100	855	366	-9.1

Hornady LEVERevolution .45 Long Colt Ammo 225gr FTX 20 Rounds

(1)

$36.95

$24.99

Save $11.96

Shop Now

2. Barnes Pioneer 200-grain XPB

Designed for both lever guns and revolvers, Barnes Pioneer provides faithful service. This .45 Long Colt load is loaded for massive expansion and weight retention for deeper penetration and devastating terminal performance. Non-corrosive box primers and clean-burning powders and propellants keep you shooting longer between cleaning sessions. There’s also a 250-grain option with Barnes’ original JHP FN bullet.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	850	321	Unavailable
25	827	304	0
50	805	288	-2.3

Barnes Pioneer .45 Long Colt Ammo 200gr XPB 20 Rounds

$40.99

$35.99

Save $5.00

Shop Now

.45 Colt Self-Defense

Although it has been eclipsed by more modern rounds and semi-auto pistols, the .45 Long Colt is still a good choice for self-defense. The human body hasn’t changed since the U.S. Army employed it. Stouter loads allow it to be used for defense against predators while hiking or camping. Light loads work well in crowded urban settings.

Although it’s mostly known as a single-action revolver cartridge, there are a number of modern double-action revolvers chambered in .45 Colt. The Colt Anaconda, Ruger Redhawk, S&W Model 25 are prime examples. Taurus offers the Judge, and S&W has the Governor designed to chamber both .45 LC and .410 shotgun shells for added versatility. Charter Arms even makes its Bulldog revolver in .45 Colt for shooters on a budget.

Top Loads

1. Federal Power-Shok 235-grain JHP

Federal Power-Shok was intended as a hunting load, but it’s good for defensive purposes as well. It offers excellent short barrel performance with handguns, and the jacketed hollow point bullet provides consistent, controlled expansion at modest velocities. With a 235-grain projectile hitting roughly 850 fps, overpenetration is less of a concern than with ultra-hot rounds.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	850	377	Unavailable
25	834	363	0
50	819	350	-2.2
75	804	338	-7.7
100	790	326	-16.4

Federal Power-Shok .45 Long Colt Ammo 235gr JHP 20 Rounds

$43.99

$30.49

Save $13.50

Shop Now

2. Hornady Critical Defense 185-grain FTX

Designed specifically for self-defense and everyday carry, Hornady Critical Defense is an excellent choice no matter the caliber. In .45 Colt, it offers a great balance of power and controllability. Featuring the same FlexTip bullet used in the LEVERevolution mentioned above, it ensures consistent expansion and good penetration for effective terminal performance.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	920	348	-1.5
50	870	311	0
100	826	280	-10

Hornady Critical Defense .45 Long Colt Ammo 185gr FTX 20 Rounds

(4)

$38.99

$26.49

Save $12.50

Shop Now

Target/Competition Use

The .45 Colt is extremely popular in Cowboy Action Shooting (CAS) competitions. Many shooters are drawn to the round due to its historical authenticity. Low-recoil cowboy loads allow it to be used with period-correct single-action revolvers, as well as lever-action rifles utilizing the same caliber.

It’s also a fun round for plinking at the range. Oftentimes, switching from a modern semi-auto to a revolver or lever-action forces shooters to slow down and focus more on marksmanship. This is a great way to make your shots count and conserve more ammo at the range. Additionally, it can be refreshing to turn to a more classic firearm after the deluge of polymer wonder nines and AR-15s.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Cowboy Action 255-grain LFN

Cowboy Action shooters needing unmatched reliability know to turn to Hornady’s Cowboy load. The knurling at the base of the bullet holds an even distribution of wax for proper lubrication to prevent excessive leading of the barrel. Further, the traditional design provides proper positioning in authentic revolvers for increased stability and accuracy.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	725	298	-1.5
50	687	267	0
100	651	240	-16.9

Hornady Cowboy Action Loads .45 Long Colt Ammo 255gr LFN 20 Rounds

(4)

$33.95

$21.99

Save $11.96

Shop Now

2. Fiocchi 250-grain LRN FP

Fiocchi boasts its Cowboy Action load delivers authentic Old West performance with modern quality. It’s intended for smooth recoil and enjoyable shooting, whether you’re competing in an intense competition or casually plinking. The flat nose lead bullet incorporates a protective coating to reduce wear and fouling on your firearm.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	750	312	-0.5
50	693	266	0
100	654	237	-9.6

Fiocchi Cowboy Action .45 Long Colt Ammo 250gr LRNFP 50 Rounds

(1)

$57.99

$56.99

Save $1.00

Shop Now

Final Thoughts: .45 Long Colt

With a legacy as large as the bullet itself, the .45 Long Colt holds a special place in American history. In many ways, the round is tied to the renowned Colt Peacemaker and other variations of the Single Action Army. With loads ranging from mild to hot, there’s .45 Colt ammo for any occasion. If you go with any of the options on this list, they’re sure to be a hit.

Have you tried Colt’s original .45? What are your thoughts on the .45 Long Colt? What are your favorite .45 Colt firearms? Share your thoughts in the comments.

The post Review: .45 Long Colt — History and Ammo Recommendations appeared first on The Mag Life.

The 5.56x45mm NATO is classified as an intermediate rifle caliber, meaning it falls between a handgun cartridge and a full-size rifle round. Given its popularity, it’s no surprise there’s a large variety of ammo options across a wide range of manufacturers that offer unique performance.

Background on the 5.56 NATO

The 5.56 NATO was developed in 1957 by Remington and ArmaLite for use in the AR-15 rifle. After it was officially adopted by the U.S. military in 1964, Remington released an adapted version for the commercial market designated the .223 Remington. Similarly, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) followed a few years later and standardized the round, creating the 5.56x45mm NATO we know today.

The intent was to create a lighter round with less recoil than the 7.62 NATO that was currently in use with the M14 rifle. This allowed soldiers to carry more ammunition with less weight and engage targets more quickly. Additionally, the rifles could be more maneuverable while still being capable out to 500 yards.

The U.S. military initially adopted the round for use in the M16 rifle. Later, it continued use with the following M4 variants. Commercial AR-15 rifles have mirrored this acceptance, with the 5.56 NATO being by far the most common chambering. The U.S. military later used the round with the FN M249 SAW light machine gun.

.223 vs. 5.56

You’ll also find plenty of AR-15 rifles chambered in .223 Remington, but what is the difference? Isn’t it just the same round with a different name? In fact, no, the 5.56 NATO and .223 Remington are incredibly similar rounds based on the same design, with a few key differences that are important to highlight.

The 5.56 NATO has a longer leade, or throat (the distance from the mouth of the cartridge to where the barrel’s rifling touches the bullet), and more powder, resulting in higher chamber pressures than the .223 Remington. This is why a rifle chambered in 5.56 NATO can safely fire both cartridges, but not the other way around.

However, the .223 typically produces a slightly higher velocity, around 75 fps, leading to greater penetration. Originally, the 5.56 was intended to tumble and fragment on impact, creating a larger wound channel, but resulting in less penetration.

Both utilize a .224-caliber projectile (approximately 0.224 inches in diameter) and are often used in target shooting, competition, hunting, and personal protection applications to this day.

5.56 Tip Colors Explained

One of the main indicators that identify different types of 5.56 ammo is different tip colors. This allows shooters to quickly identify what type of ammunition is loaded into a magazine. This originally stemmed from when the military adopted the SS109 round, which was renamed the M855, as a replacement for the M193. To avoid confusion, the new round’s tips were painted green so soldiers could identify the new ammunition from the old.

Green tip M855 ammunition features a hardened steel penetrator tip, which aids in LIGHT barrier penetration. Many often believe these are armor-piercing rounds, but neither the military nor the ATF considers this to be the case. They merely penetrate a bit better than standard lead rounds.

True armor-piercing rounds are not available for civilians and feature a black tip. These rounds replaced the M855 and were designated the M855A1. The M995 is another black tip option. They utilize a hardened steel or tungsten core for true armor-piercing and hard barrier penetration capabilities. At 500 yards, they can zip through the engine block of a truck.

Another restricted option is blue tip 5.56 ammo. This is used to denote incendiary rounds. These are designed to ignite the target for further damage. They are typically used on fuel tanks to create a burst of flames. During WWI and WWII, they were incredibly effective against aircraft. However, there’s another blue tip that is far more common for us regular guys, and that is frangible training ammo. These rounds are designed to shatter on impact for safely shooting steel targets with minimal splashback or ricochet.

Silver tip ammo is a combination of armor-piercing and incendiary capability. Penetration is improved from the standard blue tip for the best of both worlds.

An orange or red tip is used for tracer rounds, which utilize a pyrotechnic charge that produces a bright light, allowing the shooter to see where the bullets travel. This allows for aiming correction for the individual or target identification for a team. You could also insert a single tracer round near the bottom of the magazine to give a clear indication of when you’re almost out of ammo.

Now take everything we just covered and put it to the side, because polymer-tipped ammo is available in numerous color options depending on the manufacturer and load, including blue, red, purple, and more, and is not the same as a painted tip. These are typically hollow point rounds with an added tip to improve aerodynamics and flight trajectory for increased accuracy. Additionally, upon impact, the polymer tip is driven into the hollow point cavity of the bullet, causing it to expand more, which produces a wide wound channel.

Ballistic Performance

Bullet Weight

5.56 NATO bullets can range in weight as low as 35 grains in specialized, high-velocity loads, all the way up to near 80 grains for heavier, match-grade rounds designed for improved long-range performance. Most commonly, 5.56 is found in 55-grain and 62-grain options. The best grain for 5.56 NATO will depend on what you’re shooting.

55-grain is commonly available as inexpensive target shooting and plinking ammo. This allows you to shoot more for less, while still providing good accuracy. 55-grain and lower is also a good choice for varmint hunting. They travel fast and are plenty effective on smaller game.

62-grain ammo is more effective for self-defense purposes. These rounds hit harder and offer increased terminal performance. This is why the 62-grain is used in the NATO-standard M855. Hollow point options provide reliable expansion and ample penetration.

While 5.56 is not the most effective caliber for these purposes, 68-grain ammo is your best bet for medium game hunting. It is a good option for deer (where allowed) if used within around 200 yards. With proper shot placement, it offers enough penetration for a clean kill on a whitetail.

Bullet weights of 75 grains and above are primarily used for precision shooting. The heavier bullet is less susceptible to wind drift for more predictable long-range performance. It’s also a great choice for suppressed shooting because of the decreased muzzle velocity. Although it still surpasses the speed of sound, it will perform a bit better than lighter loads.

Velocity, Energy, Trajectory

Ultra-light 5.56 rounds can reach around 4,000 fps. More standard 55-grain and 62-grain loads hit roughly 3,300 and 3,050 fps, respectively. Heavier 75-grain bullets top out at a little under 2,900 fps typically. This results in between 1,300 and 1,400 ft/lbs of energy at the muzzle, with a drop between 30 and 55 inches at 500 yards. At 600 yards, the drop almost doubles to between 55 and 100 inches.

Accuracy and Effective Range

The 5.56 NATO is designed to be effective out to 600 yards, although trained shooters with the proper rifle setup and load selection can accurately group rounds at 1,000 yards. Here’s where twist rate comes into play. Faster twist rates, such as 1:7, are ideal for heavier bullets from 69 to 77 grains. A 1:8 twist is often considered the gold standard for its ability to stabilize 55 and 62-grain loads, as well as enough spin for accuracy with heavier match bullets.

A 1:9 twist may squeeze a bit more accuracy out of the 55 and 62-grain loads if you’re not concerned with anything heavier. For extremely light rounds for varmint hunting, a 1:12 twist is a good choice, though you will be limited in bullet options.

Recoil and Shootability

From a standard 7-pound rifle (the average weight of a typical AR-15), the 5.56 NATO exhibits about 5 pounds of recoil. This very mild recoil impulse is often described as a gentle push, rather than a sharp kick. This makes for an incredibly controllable round, allowing for fast follow-up shots. This is a good option for beginning shooters to practice recoil control and marksmanship fundamentals.

Penetration and Expansion

Penetration of 5.56 depends on the type of ammunition being used. Soft point and hollow point rounds tend to penetrate less than 15 inches in ballistic gel and soft targets. Standard ball ammo will increase this depth to between 15 and 20 inches. It can also pass through several layers of wood and drywall. M855 penetrator ammunition can travel through up to 3mm of mild steel, but is still stopped by hardened steel and ceramic plates.

Many 5.56 rounds are designed to rely on tumbling and fragmentation, rather than expansion, to improve their ballistic effectiveness. Soft point and hollow point rounds can expand to twice their original diameter. There are even bonded soft point rounds engineered to maintain their structural integrity when traveling through barriers, and then expand once they hit soft tissue.

Target and Competition Shooting

As touched upon above, lightweight 55-grain ammo is a common choice for plinking and target shooting due to its affordability and performance across a range of rifles. Full metal jacket loads prevent lead buildup in the barrel, and a boat-tail design offers excellent aerodynamics. 62-grain ammo is another good option, especially for those who want to train with a round similar to what they use for defense.

However, it should be noted that some ranges will not allow you to shoot green tip ammo due to concerns with excess damage to their barriers and equipment, as well as the possibility of the steel tip causing sparks that start a fire.

Top Loads

1. PMC X-Tac 55-grain FMJBT

For casual target shooting, PMC X-Tac 55-grain offers dependable service. This bulk 5.56 ammo features brass casings loaded with quality boat-tail FMJ bullets, clean-burning powders, and premium primers and components for consistent accuracy at a budget-friendly price.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	3,270	1,306	-1.5
100	2,898	1,026	0
200	2,555	797	-2.6
300	2,237	611	-10.6
400	1,943	461	-25.6
500	1,674	342	-49.9

PMC X-Tac 5.56 NATO Ammo 55gr FMJBT 20 Rounds

(170)

$16.99

$9.49

Save $7.50

Shop Now

2. Hornady Superformance Match 75-grain BTHP

For more serious precision work, Hornady’s Superformance Match 75-grain ammo provides excellent accuracy, even at extended ranges. It is optimized for use in rifles with a 20-inch barrel or longer, and the heavy 75-grain bullet resists wind drift for consistent travel.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,910	1,410	-2.4
100	2,676	1,192	1.2
200	2,453	1,002	0
300	2,242	837	-7
400	2,041	693	-21
500	1,851	570	-43.3

Hornady Superformance Match 5.56 NATO Ammo 75gr BTHP 20 Rounds

(10)

$37.99

$23.99

Save $14.00

Shop Now

Hunting

Most hunting loads for this caliber will be .223 Remington cartridges. However, there are a few solid options for hunting with 5.56 NATO. The round is popular for varmint hunters, where fast follow-up shots are useful. It’s also a great round to get kids into the practice, as the recoil and muzzle blast are minimal.

The 5.56 can even take medium-sized game such as deer within 200 yards, making it a fairly versatile cartridge. Importantly, for anything more than varmint hunting, be sure to check your local laws regarding the legality of hunting with the caliber.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Superformance 55-grain CX

Hornady’s Superformance also makes a great hunting load. For this section, I went with the 55-grain CX, which they tout as a medium game load for anything from 50 to 300 pounds. The CX (Copper alloy eXpanding) bullet design provides superior stopping power, and high velocities lead to consistent expansion.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	3,175	1,231	-1.5
100	2,781	944	0
200	2,420	715	-3
300	2,086	531	-12.1
400	1,781	388	-29.1
500	1,511	279	-57.3

Hornady Superformance 5.56 NATO Ammo 55gr CX 20 Rounds

(1)

$39.99

$25.99

Save $14.00

Shop Now

2. Barnes VOR-TX 70-grain TSX BT

Featuring a solid copper bullet, Barnes VOR-TX TSX provides maximum weight retention for improved stopping power, while precision-cut rings in the bullet shank act as relief valves, allowing the bullet to expand into the grooves for consistent double-diameter expansion and optimal energy transfer.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,850	1,263	Unavailable
100	2,568	1,026	1.4
200	2,303	825	0
300	2,054	656	-8
400	1,822	516	-24.2
500	1,609	402	-51

Barnes VOR-TX Rifle 5.56 NATO Ammo 70gr TSX BT 20 Rounds

(8)

$34.99

$29.99

Save $5.00

Shop Now

Self-Defense

Due to restrictions in ammunition selection, the military relies on tumbling and fragmentation to create a larger wound channel for effective stopping power with 5.56. As civilians, hollow points are an option. 5.56 NATO hollow points expand to around twice their original size, and this slows their momentum. They will help prevent overpenetration, but this is still a high-velocity rifle round, and some forethought should be placed on your environment and what’s beyond it.

Those living in an apartment complex or residential housing with others in surrounding rooms may wish to turn elsewhere for a defensive caliber. However, if you’re defending a large property, or practice proper shot placement and ammo selection, the 5.56 NATO is a good choice for personal protection and home defense. A heavier 62-grain+ load can help limit the velocity while packing a bit more of a punch.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Frontier 68-grain BTHP

Designed for excellent all-around performance in self-defense, varmint hunting, and match settings, Hornady Frontier is a good round to stock up on. Manufactured to tight tolerances, this 5.56 ammo delivers reliable ignition, consistent velocities, and superior function in most semi-auto or bolt-action rifles.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,960	1,323	-1.5
100	2,697	1,098	1.7
200	2,449	906	0
300	2,215	741	-7.5
400	1,993	600	-22
500	1,786	482	-45.4

Hornady Frontier Cartridge 5.56 NATO Ammo 68gr BTHP Match 20 Rounds

(17)

$20.95

$12.99

Save $7.96

Shop Now

2. Hornady Black 75-grain InterLock HD

Designed for improved performance with short-barreled rifles (SBRs) and AR pistols, Hornady Black utilizes a proprietary propellant to achieve full powder burn. Additionally, the Critical Duty FlexLock bullets are equipped with a heavy-duty jacket-to-core InterLock band to eliminate clogging and mitigate bullet and core separation for maximum weight retention, excellent expansion, and consistent penetration.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,321	897	-2.5
100	1,974	649	3.3
200	1,662	460	0
300	1,393	323	-16
400	1,184	233	-50
500	1,046	182	-108.8

Hornady Black 5.56 NATO Ammo 75gr Interlock HD SBR 20 Rounds

(23)

$30.99

$22.99

Save $8.00

Shop Now

Final Thoughts

It’s clear to see why the 5.56 NATO is a fan favorite, especially when paired with the renowned AR-15. From target and competition shooting to hunting and self-defense, the 5.56 is a reliable performer in a relatively compact package. There’s a ton of ammo options with unique characteristics for customized performance in different applications. Whether you’re looking for your first centerfire rifle or just want to add another to the stable, the 5.56x45mm has a place in any collection.

What do you think of the 5.56 NATO? What are some of your favorite 5.56 loads? Share your thoughts in the comments.

The post 5.56 NATO Ammo — Performance and Top Brands appeared first on The Mag Life.

.300 Blackout Background

Development for the .300 Blackout cartridge began in 2009, and it was officially approved by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers’ Institute (SAAMI) at the beginning of 2011. The goal was to create the ideal cartridge for a suppressed, short-barreled rifle, specifically utilizing the AR-15 platform.

Often referred to as .300 AAC (Advanced Armament Corporation) after the originating company, the cartridge offers a good blend of power and shootability for effective performance in short to mid-range engagements.

5.56 NATO vs. .300 Blackout

Both the 5.56 NATO and .300 Blackout use the same case. However, the 5.56 NATO utilizes a .224-inch diameter projectile, which is noticeably smaller than the .300 Blackout’s .308-inch bullet.

At close ranges, .300 Blk offers superior ballistics and higher muzzle energy, whereas 5.56 produces higher velocities and less drop, as well as improved performance at distances past 300 yards. Additionally, .300 Blackout delivers retained terminal performance with short barrels (especially between 8 to 11 inches), and it offers close to a 90 percent increase in frontal area.

The main determining factors that will affect your decision between the two will likely be your intended engagement distance and the overall cost of ammunition. .300 Blackout ammo can typically be twice as much as comparable 5.56, making volume training much more difficult. However, you may decide that the benefits of the .300 Blk easily justify the increase in cost.

Today, the .300 Blk has excelled in hunting, defensive, and competitive shooting applications, with a wide variety of manufacturers offering ammunition tailored to specific uses.

.300 Blk Ballistics

The .300 Blackout is a necked-up 5.56 casing incorporating the same .308-inch bullet diameter as the .308 Winchester. It achieves full powder burn with SBRs and works well with both subsonic and supersonic loadings.

Grain Weights

.300 Blackout is commonly available in bullet weights ranging from 110 to 220 grains. Lighter 110 to 130-grain loads are popular for hunting, as they exhibit higher velocities, faster expansion, and good penetration. This can be useful for defensive purposes as well.

147 to 150-grain loads offer a good balance and are widely available at an affordable price, making them a solid choice for target practice and plinking. Heavier 190 to 220-grain loads are engineered for optimal sound reduction for suppressed shooting. The report isn’t as loud, and there is generally less felt recoil, which also lends itself to home defense use, even if you’re not running a suppressor.

Velocity, Energy, Trajectory

110-grain rounds range between 2,250 and 2,400 fps and from 1,200 to 1,400 ft/lbs from rifles with 12 to 16-inch barrels. 220-grain loads produce around 1,000 fps muzzle velocity and muzzle energy ranging from 480 to 550 ft/lbs.

With a 100-yard zero, supersonic loads drop an average of 6 to 7 inches at 200 yards and 23 to 25 inches at 300 yards. Subsonic loads are much more susceptible to drop, experiencing 30 to 35 inches at 200 yards and over 100 inches at 300 yards.

Effective Range

Supersonic rounds are effective out to 500 yards, while subsonic loads are best used within 200 yards. Both will still experience ample drop, and this will need to be factored in for the best accuracy, but subsonic loads will become ballistically ineffective at longer ranges.

Recoil

Subsonic .300 Blackout produces moderately light felt recoil, especially when paired with a suppressor. It’s often described as a dull thud. This allows many shooters to achieve excellent accuracy and fast follow-up shots with their .300 Blk rifles. Recoil increases in supersonic loads, but it is still similar to the report of a standard .223/5.56 AR-15, which amounts to a gentle shove.

Penetration and Expansion

The penetration and expansion characteristics of .300 Blackout largely depend on whether supersonic or subsonic ammunition is being used. Supersonic loads yield rapid expansion upon impact, resulting in an increased diameter of around twice their original size. These loads also demonstrate 16 to 20+ inches of penetration in ballistic gel and are good at defeating intermediate barriers like glass or drywall.

Subsonic loads require specialized expanding projectiles for proper deformation. Otherwise, they risk overpenetrating soft targets without creating a wide wound channel. These rounds will generally result in 15 to 18 inches of penetration, allowing them to dump all of their energy inside the target.

Hunting with .300 Blackout

Given the effective range of the cartridge, hunting with .300 Blackout needs to be kept within 200 yards for an ethical kill. The round can competently take deer-sized game or smaller with proper shot placement.

Given its excellent performance in a compact, AR-style rifle, .300 Blk is popular for hog hunters shooting suppressed at night. Easy handling, fast follow-up shots, and exceptional noise reduction are the enemies of swine. Supersonic loads are ideal, but with proper expanding ammunition, subsonic loads work as well. Higher velocity ammo will also help keep the bullet path more consistent with less drop.

Top Loads

1. Nosler Varmageddon 110-grain FB Tipped

Nosler’s Varmageddon ammo features a proprietary polymer-tipped bullet engineered to deliver consistent velocities and exceptional terminal performance on varmints at all practical ranges.

The high-velocity load offers minimal drop within the 200-yard threshold, and it provides just under 1,200 ft/lbs of muzzle energy. The bullet’s special lead-alloy core combines with the copper-alloy jacket to violently expand upon impact, while the low-drag flat base design provides exceptional accuracy.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,200	1,182	-1.5
100	1,930	909	0
200	1,681	690	-7.9
300	1,460	521	-28.2
400	1,273	396	-64.9
500	1,130	312	-123

Nosler Varmageddon .300 Blackout Ammo 110gr FB Tipped 20 Rounds

(1)

$42.95

$30.99

Save $11.96

Shop Now

2. Federal Power-Shok 150-grain JSP

Federal Power-Shok ammo is built to deliver devastating penetration and uniform expansion for quick, clean kills on a variety of game. Designed around a hard-hitting jacketed soft-point bullet, this ammo utilizes a 150-grain projectile for improved performance on larger animals like deer or hog.

Additionally, the traditional lead-core design provides excellent accuracy at a price you can’t beat. At just over 1,200 ft/lbs of energy at the muzzle, it packs a punch.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,900	1,202	Unavailable
100	1,685	946	0
200	1,490	739	-10.8
300	1,320	580	-37.3
400	1,181	465	-62.4
500	1,079	388	-128.7

Federal Power-Shok .300 Blackout Ammo 150gr JSP 20 Rounds

$26.99

Shop Now

3. Barnes VOR-TX 120-grain TAC-TX BT

The Barnes TAC-TX projectile features a deep nose cavity and polymer tip that work together to cause devastating expansion for a humane kill on a large selection of game. Further, the copper construction helps maximize penetration and weight retention for improved terminal performance. Designed for varmint hunting, the round exhibits a flat trajectory and high velocity for consistent accuracy on fast-moving targets.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,100	1,175	Unavailable
100	1,887	949	0
200	1,688	760	-2.3
300	1,507	605	-26.9
400	1,347	484	-61.8
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

Barnes VOR-TX Rifle .300 Blackout Ammo 120gr TAC-TX BT 20 Rounds

(7)

$42.99

$34.99

Save $8.00

Shop Now

.300 Blackout for Self-Defense

With manageable recoil, high-capacity mags, and potent close-range terminal performance, .300 Blackout shines in self-defense roles. The fast-burning powder achieves maximum velocity in short barrels, allowing for an incredibly maneuverable firearm.

When this is paired with a suppressor, shooters can defend their homes while protecting against permanent hearing damage. Heavier bullet options deliver high energy transfer at close range without the risk of overpenetration.

Top Loads

1. Hornady Custom 135-grain FlexTip

Hornady Custom ammo is a performance-enhanced centerfire rifle cartridge specifically engineered for defensive shooting applications. The FlexTip projectile is designed to pass through thick clothing and other soft barriers for deep penetration, devastating expansion, and superior stopping power. Select brass casings ensure optimal reliability with smooth feeding and consistent ejection shot after shot.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,085	1,303	-1.5
100	1,811	983	4.6
200	1,564	733	0
300	1,350	546	-18.9
400	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

Hornady Custom .300 Blackout Ammo 135gr FTX 20 Rounds

(4)

$42.99

$25.49

Save $17.50

Shop Now

2. Hornady Subsonic 190-grain Sub-X

Hornady’s Subsonic ammo is engineered for optimal performance with suppressed rifles. Its FlexTip XTP bullets utilize long grooves in the jacket and a flat profile to offer reliable expansion at subsonic velocities, and the low-velocity propellants deliver ultra-quiet performance. Further, clean-burning powders prevent fouling and carbon buildup to help keep your rifle running longer.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,050	465	-1.5
100	998	420	0
200	955	384	-33.4
300	918	355	-104.6
400	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

Hornady Subsonic .300 Blackout Ammo 190gr Sub-X 20 Rounds

(48)

$39.99

$27.99

Save $12.00

Shop Now

Competition Use

.300 Blackout is an effective choice for close-range tactical and multigun competitions where targets are typically within 200 yards. The manageable recoil impulse allows for fast follow-up shots and rapid target engagement, and the high-capacity magazines ensure you have sufficient firepower on hand. Heavy .300 Blk bullets often meet Major power factor requirements to earn more points in scoring systems such as USPSA Multigun, providing an edge over rounds like .223 Remington.

While .300 Blackout is not designed for target shooting, it is accurate enough. For precision work, stick to lightweight, high-velocity loads to attain the best results. You’ll still be limited in your effective range but can achieve good consistency.

To help offset the cost of factory ammunition, many serious target and competition shooters end up handloading their own rounds. This also allows them to tailor the load for the best results with their specific rifle.

Top Loads

1. Barnes Precision Match 220-grain OTM BT

Crafted for match-grade accuracy, Barnes Precision Match ammo boasts an open-tip, boat-tail bullet that offers improved long-range accuracy and excellent shot-to-shot consistency. The jacketed lead core and clean-burning powders reduce fouling, keeping you shooting longer between cleaning sessions. Polished brass casings ensure smooth, jam-free feeding for unmatched reliability, even in high-stress shooting scenarios.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	995	484	Unavailable
100	964	454	0
200	936	428	-34.9
300	911	406	-109.4
400	888	386	-225.8
500	867	367	-386.3

Barnes Precision Match .300 Blackout Subsonic Ammo 220gr OTM BT 20 Rounds

(7)

$38.99

$32.99

Save $6.00

Shop Now

2. Nosler Match Grade 220-grain HPBT

Nosler Match Grade .300 Blackout Subsonic ammo is a competition-ready target round featuring a heavy jacket profile and boat-tail base design that delivers flatter trajectories and enhanced accuracy.

Additionally, the bullet’s hollow point provides a small meplat — the diameter of the opening of hollow points or the blunt end of cast bullets — which makes for reduced drag and improved aerodynamic efficiency.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,020	508	-1.5
100	989	478	0
200	962	452	-34
300	937	429	-106
400	915	408	-217
500	894	390	-370

Nosler Match Grade .300 Blackout Subsonic Ammo 220gr HPBT 20 Rounds

$43.95

$28.99

Save $14.96

Shop Now

3. Hornady American Gunner 125-grain HP

Designed for all-around performance in hunting, self-defense, and target shooting applications, Hornady’s American Gunner is a high-performance, low-cost option for volume shooters. The match-grade hollow point bullets provide excellent versatility and superior ballistics across a range of different rifles, making it a great load to stockpile. Made in the USA with premium components, it’s no wonder American Gunner is trusted by new and experienced shooters across the country.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,175	1,313	-1.5
100	1,932	1,036	4
200	1,708	810	0
300	1,505	609	-15.9
400	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

Hornady American Gunner .300 Blackout Ammo 125gr HP Match 50 Rounds

(11)

$89.99

$54.99

Save $35.00

Shop Now

Final Thoughts: .300 Blackout

Within its effective range, .300 AAC Blackout is one hell of a cartridge. From hunting to self-defense, and even fast-action target shooting, it performs in league with the best.

Ammo selection is important, but with quality options in both the supersonic and subsonic categories, it’s not hard to find the perfect load for your shooting needs. If you haven’t tried this high-quality and effective round, you’re certainly missing out.

Have you tried the .300 Blackout yet? What do you use it for? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

The post .300 AAC Blackout: History, Ballistics, and Ammo Selection appeared first on The Mag Life.

Background Info

Even if you’re completely new to firearms, you’ve likely at least heard of the 9mm Luger. The 9mm utilizes a .355 caliber bullet (which measures .355 inches in diameter, or 9.01 millimeters) and has a case length of 19.15mm.

This handy cartridge has been around since the beginning of the 20th Century and has no plans of dying off anytime soon. Designed in 1901 and introduced the following year by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger for use in his P.08 pistol, the 9×19 Parabellum took the world by storm. Because of the association with its iconic designer and pistol, the name 9mm Luger has become interchangeable with the ammunition.

Initially, the round gained popularity with the European market and was adopted by the German Navy and Army. By World War I, other nations quickly followed. The United States tested the cartridge frequently, but passed on it in favor of larger calibers. It wasn’t until 1985 that the U.S. military officially put the 9mm into service with the adoption of the Beretta M9. This decision has continued on to this day with the switch to the Sig Sauer M17 and M18.

9mm Ballistics

The 9mm offers a great balance of capacity and power, making it a top choice for self-defense and competition shooting. It’s also affordable enough for training and plinking purposes and exhibits moderate recoil, allowing for longer range sessions and faster follow-up shots.

9mm is a great option for newer shooters looking to step up to a centerfire round. Whether it’s in a pistol, carbine, or subgun, 9mm Luger offers dependable performance across a range of shooting applications.

The 9mm is optimized for self-defense ranges around 7 to 10 yards, but is perfectly accurate and effective out to 50 yards or more. There are plenty of shooters who routinely shoot their 9mm pistols out past 100 yards, and a carbine can extend this even further.

Because of its immense popularity, there are countless iterations of this round tailored to specific purposes. There are FMJ rounds for target shooting, hollow points for self-defense, solid monolithic bullets for increased penetration, frangible ammo for shooting steel targets, and even shotshell loads for rat and snake defense.

Defensive 9mm hollow point ammo typically achieves 12 to 18 inches of penetration and roughly 0.5 inches of expansion, or 1.5 times the original diameter. This is right within the FBI’s testing protocol. FMJ ammo easily penetrates 18-plus inches. Barrel length comes into play, as shorter barrels result in lower velocities, which can reduce expansion and penetration. Another factor is bullet weight. Heavier rounds offer more consistent penetration, whereas lighter rounds provide higher velocities and faster expansion.

Bullet Weight Options

9mm ammo is available in grain weights ranging from 50 to 185, with the most popular options being 115, 124, and 147 grains. Lightweight, high-velocity 90-grain rounds have gained traction for defensive use as well.

115-grain 9mm ammo is the most common you’ll find, especially at your big box stores. It typically appears in FMJ rounds for training and plinking due to its affordability, but there are also numerous hollow point options. The lighter-weight bullet tends to expand faster and penetrate less.

124-grain 9mm ammo is the NATO standard and offers a good balance between weight and velocity. This leads to both effective expansion and penetration with a hollow point bullet. The original 9×19 loading was a 124-grain projectile pushing around 1,100 fps to deliver close to 335 ft/lbs of muzzle energy. I have experienced the best accuracy with 124-grain ammo across a wide selection of handguns and pistol-caliber carbines.

147-grain 9mm ammo is often paired with suppressor use because the heavier load often travels at subsonic velocities. It’s also great for those who prefer a heavier defensive bullet or competition shooters looking to meet certain power factor requirements.

On the fringe, Liberty’s Ultra-Light +P rounds utilize a 50-grain bullet that clocks 2,040 fps. In contrast, Seismic Ammunition offers a 185-grain loading that reflects the doctrine, “Heavier Hits Harder.”

Self-Defense Ammo

With a plethora of options in both ammunition and handgun selection, the 9mm Luger is incredibly popular for personal protection. From concealed carry to home defense, 9mm performs well and can certainly get the job done. No, it’s not a guaranteed one-shot fight stopper, but shooters practicing proper shot placement will have good results.

The development and refinement of the double-stack semi-auto pistol has driven an increased demand for a greater and greater magazine capacity while retaining effective stopping power. The 9mm excels in this area. Shooters can have a 10, 15, and even 20-round capacity of an adequate self-defense round in an average-size handgun. Even pocket pistols chambered in 9mm pack around 10 rounds nowadays.

Because of this, and the increased practice of concealed carry across the States, there are more self-defense 9mm loads produced than ever. From high-pressure +P and +P+ loads to low-recoil options like Hornady Critical Defense Lite for recoil-sensitive shooters, there’s a 9mm round to fit every niche.

Top Loads

1. Speer Gold Dot 124-grain GDHP

The Speer Gold Dot is a tried-and-true defender and one of my personal favorites. A pressure-formed lead core is bonded to an extremely uniform jacket a single atom at a time, which virtually eliminates separation on impact. This means greater retained weight and deeper penetration. Further, the +P loading offers increased energy for maximum terminal performance. Speer carries a number of different versions of the popular Gold Dot, including a short barrel variation.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,150	364	Unavailable
25	1,092	328	0
50	1,044	300	-0.9
75	1,004	277	-3.8
100	969	259	-8.9

Speer Gold Dot Personal Protection 9mm Luger +P Ammo 124gr HP 50 Rounds

(14)

$78.99

$33.99

Save $45.00

Shop Now

2. Hornady Critical Duty 135-grain FlexLock JHP

Hornady’s Critical Duty has been a defensive staple for shooters in the know for over a decade. The jacketed hollow point projectile incorporates a patented FlexLock flex tip to eliminate clogging when passing through clothing, ensuring devastating expansion and sufficient penetration. It’s a popular choice for law enforcement due to its high-antimony lead core, which is designed to deliver controlled expansion and maximum weight retention for unparalleled terminal performance and barrier penetration.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,010	306	Unavailable
25	984	290	0
50	960	276	-1.3
75	938	264	-5.1
100	918	253	-11.2

Hornady Critical Duty 9mm Luger +P Ammo 135gr FlexLock 25 Rounds

(14)

$37.99

$26.99

Save $11.00

Shop Now

3. Sig Sauer 365 Elite V-Crown 115-grain JHP

Sig’s 365 Elite V-Crown is a newer offering optimized for use with concealed carry pistols that have shorter barrels. Its unique hollow point design creates a V-shaped main cavity on top of a deep, narrow trail to ensure a large wound channel with optimal penetration every time. Better yet, it features a nickel-plated casing that provides excellent lubricity and corrosion protection for reliable service day after day.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,050	282	Unavailable
25	1,008	259	+0.8
50	972	241	0
75	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
100	912	212	-8.7

Sig Sauer 365 Elite V-Crown 9mm Luger Ammo 115gr JHP 20 Rounds

$24.99

Shop Now

Competition/Target Ammo

The 9mm is also often used for competition and target shooting, for some of the same reasons it excels in self-defense, with the addition of its moderate recoil impulse. The high-capacity magazines and low recoil allow for fast follow-up shots and excellent accuracy. In general, serious competitive shooters prefer heavier 147-grain bullets because they tend to produce a softer recoil impulse that’s more akin to a straight-back push, rather than a snap.

Another consideration is making sure the ammunition meets the minimum power factor requirements for your class. Power factor is calculated by multiplying the round’s velocity and bullet weight and dividing by 1,000. Heavier bullets make meeting this factor easier without having to increase the velocity too much (which can lead to snappier recoil). Cleanliness is also a concern, as a dirtier round will gum up the action more, causing additional malfunctions and requiring greater upkeep.

Top Loads

1. Federal Syntech Training Match 147-grain TSJFN

Federal’s Syntech Match ammo is designed from the ground up for competition shooting and training. The total synthetic jacket bullet design protects against metal-on-metal contact between the bullet and barrel, eliminating copper and lead fouling for enhanced reliability. Additionally, clean-burning powders and the Catalyst lead-free primer deliver optimal pressures, consistent velocities, and unmatched accuracy in any environment.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,000	326	Unavailable
25	976	311	0
50	953	297	-1.4
75	933	284	-5.2
100	914	273	-11.5

Federal Syntech Training Match 9mm Luger Ammo 147gr TSJFN 50 Rounds

(25)

$32.99

$17.99

Save $15.00

Shop Now

2. Speer Lawman 147-grain TMJ

Speer Lawman is great for those who use Gold Dots for self-defense, because it offers a similar report. The total metal jacket bullet reduces fouling for lasting service, and the premium brass casing delivers smooth operation under stress. This is further aided by the clean-burning powders and propellants, which help keep your pistol running shot after shot.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	985	317	Unavailable
25	957	299	0
50	932	284	-1.5
75	909	270	-5.5
100	888	257	-12

Speer Lawman 9mm Luger Ammo 147gr TMJ 50 Rounds

(7)

$27.99

$17.49

Save $10.50

Shop Now

3. Fiocchi Range Dynamics 147-grain FMJ

Similarly, Fiocchi’s Range Dynamics FMJ load provides comparable performance to its tactical and duty ammunition. It’s built with quality components at precise specifications to ensure smooth feeding, reliable ignition, and manageable recoil across a large selection of firearms. At 975 fps, it’s naturally subsonic, making it a great choice for shooting suppressed.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	975	310	Unavailable
25	949	294	0
50	925	279	-1.5
75	903	266	-5.6
100	882	254	-12.3

Fiocchi Range Dynamics 9mm Luger Ammo 147gr FMJ 50 Rounds

(2)

$34.99

$19.99

Save $15.00

Shop Now

Plinking/Training Ammo

The mass production of 9mm ammo has landed it at a price point great for casual plinking and range training. Cases and bulk packs are available from a number of different manufacturers for those looking to stock up. Unless you’re shooting rimfire, you’d be hard-pressed to find a more affordable and available round.

As mentioned above, the 9mm produces manageable recoil that is enough to practice effective recoil control, but not so much that it turns people off to shooting. This makes it a good option for training new shooters and practicing marksmanship fundamentals. I also find I enjoy shooting more when there’s a bit of a kick.

Top Loads

1. Remington UMC 115-grain FMJ

Remington UMC is a great, cheap option to buy in bulk. It’s brass-cased and utilizes non-corrosive “Kleanbore” primers for minimal wear on the firearm. To top it off, it’s loaded in the USA using freshly molded brass and premium powders.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,145	335	Unavailable
25	1,092	305	0
50	1,048	280	-0.9
75	1,011	261	-3.8
100	979	244	-8.8

Remington UMC 9mm Luger Ammo 115gr FMJ 50 Rounds

(96)

$24.99

$12.99

Save $12.00

Shop Now

2. PMC Bronze 124-grain FMJ

PMC Bronze offers similar performance but in my experience is a cleaner practice round for roughly the same price. Tumble-polished and reloadable brass casings provide reliable service, while the FMJ projectile reduces barrel fouling. Because of my affinity for the 124-grain, that’s the version I selected, but as with the other options on this list, it is available in alternate grain weights.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,110	339	Unavailable
25	1,059	309	+0.7
50	1,017	285	0
75	980	264	-2.8
100	949	248	-7.9

PMC Bronze 9mm Luger Ammo 124gr FMJ 50 Rounds

(5)

$20.99

$13.49

Save $7.50

Shop Now

3. Federal American Eagle 147-grain FMJ

Federal American Eagle is another great option for training and plinking. At around 1,000 fps, the 147-grain is great for suppressor use, offering excellent noise reduction at subsonic velocity. Better yet, this ammo features hand-selected, non-corrosive primers and is loaded in premium reloadable brass.

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	1,000	326	Unavailable
25	976	311	0
50	953	297	-1.4
75	933	284	-5.2
100	914	273	-11.5

Federal American Eagle 9mm Luger Ammo 147gr FMJ 50 Rounds

(49)

$32.99

$14.99

Save $18.00

Shop Now

Final Thoughts

From everyday carry and home defense to plinking and competition shooting, the 9mm Luger delivers dependable performance for shooters of all abilities and skill levels. There’s 9mm ammo for practically any application, thanks to a huge selection of different loadings from a wide variety of manufacturers.

With over 100 years of development, it’s interesting to see just how far this round has come, and it will be equally interesting to see where it goes in the future. If you haven’t tried the 9×19 yet, what exactly are you waiting for?

What are your favorite 9mm loads? What are your favorite 9mm firearms? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

The post Review: 9mm Luger Ammo — Brands and Performance appeared first on The Mag Life.

With a large assortment of .308 ammo available from several different manufacturers, there are numerous ways to tailor this round to your specific needs. However, before we dive into where the caliber is today, let’s cover a bit of its history and development.

Introduction to .308 Winchester

The .308 Winchester was introduced in 1952 as a development of the U.S. military’s T65 experimental series, which intended to modernize the current go-to rifle cartridge at the time: the .30-06 Springfield.

The .308 Winchester is a short-action cartridge with a 2.01-inch case length and 2.8-inch overall length. The military version is designated 7.62x51mm NATO and was derived by shortening the .30-06 case. It is shorter, lighter, and more efficient, which allows soldiers to carry more ammo and retain similar ballistic performance. Eventually, the M-14 in 7.62×51 replaced the M-1 Garand in .30-06 as the standard service rifle. It should be noted that the military version has a slightly lower pressure rating and, in some cases, different headspace dimensions compared to the commercial .308 Winchester.

But it wasn’t just the military, hunters also flocked to the .308 for some of the same reasons. Performance wasn’t far behind the .30-06, which had already proved its efficacy, and the short action made for a lighter rifle that was easier to handle and tote through the woods.

Many military and police snipers utilize .308 for their rifles because it’s accurate and fires a bullet heavy enough to penetrate obstacles such as dense wood, glass, and other mediums. While more powerful calibers have become increasingly popular in recent years, the .308 is still widely used. There’s no doubt this popularity translated to its widespread use in long-range competition environments as well.

Because of its military history, the .308 Winchester is often paired with AR-10s and other semi-auto battle rifles such as the SCAR 17 and FAL. It is also a common chambering for bolt-actions designed for hunting and dedicated precision shooting work.

Ballistic Performance

The original .308 Winchester loading was a 150-grain bullet pushing roughly 2,800 fps. Today, the cartridge is typically available with bullets weighing 125 to 200 grains. Lighter 125-grain bullets can reach 3,100 fps, while heavier 185-grain bullets travel closer to 2,500 fps.

Muzzle energy is typically between 2,500 and 3,000+ ft/lbs. At 200 yards, a 150-grain bullet generally retains over 1,800 ft/lbs of energy. Additionally, a standard 150-grain load drops roughly -7.5 inches at 250 yards and -50 inches at 500 yards.

Accuracy and Consistency

The best barrel length for .308 Winchester is generally from 18 to 20 inches, although 16-inch barrels are excellent for compact or suppressed builds, especially for close-range use. A 20-inch barrel delivers nearly maximum velocity for most loads, while a 16-inch barrel retains over 90 percent of the energy and performance of a 20-inch barrel, even out to 1,000 yards. If you’re really searching for peak efficiency for serious long-range shooting or precision work, a 22 to 24-inch barrel is your best bet.

The barrel’s twist rate will also come into play when trying to achieve the best performance out of your .308 rifle. Historically, a 1:12 twist was the most common, and it is still good for 150 to 168-grain bullets. With the advent of more projectile options, a 1:10 twist has become the modern standard for all-around use with bullets ranging from 168 to 210 grains. Most of the rifles on the market today will be in one of these camps. For more specialized use, a 1:11 twist rate is often viewed as the sweet spot for match shooters using 168 to 175-grain ammunition.

In general, longer, heavier bullets require faster twist rates like 1:10 for stability, while shorter, lighter bullets perform better with slower twists like 1:12. Faster twists are required to stabilize bullets at lower velocities, which is a byproduct of a heavier projectile.

Effective Range

So, if you have the proper rifle setup, what is the effective range of .308 Winchester? Most shooters consider the .308 accurate out to 1,000 yards. Past that, the bullet starts to turn subsonic, which reduces stability.

For ethical hunting, the .308 is effective out to 600 yards for deer, and about 350 yards or so for elk and larger game. Wind becomes the primary limiting factor at longer distances. Using a high ballistic coefficient bullet is essential for maintaining accuracy at long range.

Recoil

.308 Winchester recoil is often described as moderate. It’ll be more than an intermediate cartridge like the .223 Remington, but less than a larger round like the .30-06 Springfield.

For example, a .308 rifle weighing 7 pounds will generate about 21 ft/lbs of recoil. It will shove into the shooter’s shoulder and require a firm hold to recover but does not require excessive strength to manage.

Granted, that is just a dry figure to most people. Actual felt recoil is more subjective from person to person and rifle to rifle. Of course, the composition of the rifle’s stock, stock dimensions, and whether the rifle is equipped with a muzzle brake also come into play as far as felt recoil is concerned. In practice, any adult shooter with a modest amount of experience will not be troubled by the .308’s report. Kids and other recoil-sensitive shooters may have a harder time.

Penetration and Expansion

Part of what made the .308 so popular is its impressive penetration. On ballistic gelatin, standard hunting loads produce around 18 to 20 inches of penetration. Some heavy grain loads bring that up to past 30 inches. There are specialized loads with bonded or solid bullets that can even penetrate ⅜-inch steel, as well as armor-piercing rounds.

Additionally, .308 Winchester bullets typically expand to around 1.5 to 2 times their original diameter. You can achieve .60 to .75 inches while retaining 70 to 90 percent of the original weight.

Hunting with .308 Winchester

As mentioned above, the .308 Winchester quickly became a popular cartridge for hunting after its development. You get a sufficient amount of power in a relatively lightweight package that’s easy to transport for extended periods and distances. With proper loadings, it is perfectly capable of taking mid to large-size game such as deer, elk, and hog. It is even effective against bear when using a solid metal bullet.

There’s even .308 subsonic ammo for hunting with a suppressor. The 200-grain subsonic .308 is popular with feral hog hunters who often engage multiple targets in one outing. Naturally, this pairs well with a semi-auto rifle or even an SBR. The M&P10 is a great choice for this, as it provides excellent dependability for an affordable price that allows shooters to build off of and customize their rifle to their preferences and needs.

For more traditional hunting applications, there are plenty of great bolt-actions available in .308. The Ruger American, Remington 700, and Mossberg Patriot are three that come to mind because they provide outstanding performance at an attractive price. Savage also produces a number of great options that fit the bill.

For hunters looking for a little extra, the Winchester Model 70 provides exemplary service. It was the original rifle the round was used in, and Winchester still offers several variations for shooters of all preferences. The Featherweight and Extreme Weather versions are two great options to look into. As the name suggests, the former is lightweight for ease of carry, while the latter incorporates stainless components for improved protection from the elements.

Top Hunting Loads

1. Norma Whitetail SP 150-grain

Features:

• Premium Norma brass casings
• Clean-burning powders and propellants
• Flat-based bullet
• Exposed soft point and quick-expanding core

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,822	2,651	Unavailable
100	2,488	2,062	2
200	2,178	1,580	0
300	1,891	1,191	-9.4
400	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

*24-inch test barrel

Norma Whitetail .308 Winchester Ammo 150gr SP 20 Rounds

(5)

$26.99

$21.99

Save $5.00

Shop Now

2. Federal Fusion SP 180-grain

Features:

• Performance-enhanced hunting ammo
• Reloadable brass casings
• Non-corrosive boxer primers
• Clean-burning powders
• Proprietary Fusion bullet design

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,600	2,702	Unavailable
100	2,427	2,354	2.2
200	2,260	2,042	0
300	2,101	1,763	-9.1
400	1,947	1,515	-25.8
500	1,801	1,296	-51.9

Federal Fusion .308 Winchester Ammo 180gr SP 20 Rounds

$44.99

$29.99

Save $15.00

Shop Now

3. Hornady American Whitetail SST 150-grain

Features:

• Ideal for deer hunting applications
• Hand-polished brass casings
• Premium, clean-burning powders
• Hornady SST bullet
• High-quality, non-corrosive primers

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,810	2,629	-1.5
100	2,588	2,230	1.9
200	2,377	1,881	0
300	2,176	1,576	-8
400	1,984	1,311	-23.4
500	1,804	1,084	-47.6

*24-inch test barrel

Hornady American Whitetail Tipped .308 Winchester Ammo 150gr SST 20 Rounds

(1)

$28.99

Shop Now

.308 Win Precision Shooting

Although it’s not the premier caliber for long-range shooting anymore, there are still plenty that turn to the tried and true .308 for precision work. There’s plenty of ammo available to find a load that works well with your rifle, recoil is moderate for extended training sessions, and the power is there for reaching out to adequate distances. The heavier .30-caliber projectile stands up to high winds and provides predictable drop. It’s not as flat-shooting as some newer, higher-velocity rounds like the 6.5 Creedmoor, but with practice, you can still achieve impressive results.

For those interested in a semi-auto, the Springfield M1A has been ringing steel for decades — there’s even a National Match version produced that’s been accurized for improved performance. The glass-bedded action provides a solid platform for lasting shot-to-shot consistency.

If you’re just dipping your toe into the precision game, Savage makes the 110 Tactical and Axis II Precision rifles that both deliver outstanding accuracy at a price that’s hard to beat. For more seasoned shooters, there are plenty of high-end bolt guns chambered in .308. The Bergara B-14 HMR and Tikka T3X Tac A1 are both feature-packed rifles with adjustable stocks, free-float barrels, and tuned actions.

Top Precision Loads

1. Hornady Match 178-grain

Features:

• Clean-burning powders
• Premium primers and components
• Select Hornady brass casings
• Optimized for long-range performance

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,600	2,672	-1.5
100	2,436	2,345	2.2
200	2,278	2,050	0
300	2,125	1,785	-8.9
400	1,979	1,548	-25.5
500	1,839	1,337	-51

*24-inch test barrel

Hornady Match .308 Winchester Ammo 178gr BTHP 20 Rounds

(8)

$48.99

$29.99

Save $19.00

Shop Now

2. PMC X-TAC Match 168-grain

Features:

• Premium target ammunition
• Open Tip Match (OTM) bullet
• Clean-burning powders
• Reloadable brass casings
• Non-corrosive primers

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,700	2,719	-1.5
100	2,503	2,337	2
200	2,314	1,998	0
300	2,133	1,697	-8.5
400	1,960	1,433	-24.7
500	1,797	1,205	-50

*24-inch test barrel

PMC X-Tac Match .308 Winchester Ammo 168gr OTM 20 Rounds

(2)

$32.99

$24.99

Save $8.00

Shop Now

3. Federal Gold Medal Match 175-grain

Features:

• Long-range hunting and target performance
• Sierra MatchKing boat-tail hollow-point (BTHP) bullets
• Clean-burning powders and propellants
• Premium brass casings

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,600	2,627	Unavailable
100	2,427	2,290	2.2
200	2,262	1,987	0
300	2,102	1,717	-9.1
400	1,949	1,476	-25.8
500	1,803	1,264	-51.8

Federal Premium Gold Medal Sierra MatchKing .308 Winchester Ammo 175gr BTHP 20 Rounds

(5)

$48.99

$34.99

Save $14.00

Shop Now

.308 for Personal Defense

Of course, the .308 Winchester is also a popular choice for personal defense. After the 7.62 NATO’s military success, it’s no surprise the .308 became a go-to for civilian self-defense. While we’re dealing with shorter engagement distances and overpenetration is a concern, proper hollow point ammo still delivers solid results.

It’s not for everyone. If you live in a one-bedroom apartment, it’s not the best choice, but if you are defending a large property like a ranch or you live in the sticks, you’d be hard-pressed to find a better option.

Top Defensive Loads

1. Hornady Critical Defense Flextip 155-grain

Features:

• Performance-enhanced defensive ammo
• Patented FTX Flex Tip bullet design
• Nickel-plated casings
• Clean-burning powders
• Low-flash propellants

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,785	2,669	-1.5
100	2,499	2,150	0
200	2,231	1,713	-4.1
300	1,980	1,349	-15.2
400	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable
500	Unavailable	Unavailable	Unavailable

*24-inch test barrel

Hornady Critical Defense Rifle .308 Winchester Ammo 155gr FTX 20 Rounds

(2)

$52.99

$34.49

Save $18.50

Shop Now

Final Thoughts: .308 Winchester

When a design is right, it sometimes becomes quite legendary. With success in the hunting, precision, and defensive spheres, it’s evident that this is the case with the .308 Winchester. Skyrocketing in popularity led to the development of a large variety of .308 ammo specifically tailored to unique needs. Whether you’re a budding shooter or an experienced firearms enthusiast, the .308 should have a place in your gun safe.

Have you tried the .308 Winchester? What do you think is the best .308 ammo? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

The post .308 Winchester Ammo Review — Brands and Performance appeared first on The Mag Life.

With many rifles now offered in the renowned 6.5 CM, and a large variety of ammunition and brands available, there are now more ways than ever to get into this incredible round. But before we look at where the cartridge is today, let’s first examine its origins to understand what makes it so great.

6.5 Creedmoor Background

6.5 Creedmoor was first created by Hornady in 2007 as a long-range target shooting or match round. However, it quickly became apparent it was a great option for hunting medium-sized game animals and predators as well. It was developed to be accurate enough to win National Matches at Camp Perry, with less recoil than the .308 Winchester for faster recovery. Additionally, it shoots flatter and is less affected by wind.

Because of its intended purpose, the 6.5 CM is often used in bolt-actions as well as AR-style rifles, but it’s also available in a lever-action as the Henry Long Ranger.

With its short-action design and similar overall profile to a .308 Winchester cartridge, many 6.5 Creedmoor rifles are compatible with .308-pattern magazines. However, it’s a common misconception that the 6.5 CM is merely a necked-down .308. In reality, it owes its parentage to the .30 Thompson Center.

Since then, 6.5 Creedmoor has gained quite a following among precision rifle shooters, hunters, and gun owners who are generally interested in shooting longer distances using a potentially smaller platform than most of the large magnum rifles require.

6.5 CM Ballistics

When Hornady unveiled the 6.5 Creedmoor at SHOT Show 2007, it was initially produced in only two loads: the 120-grain and 140-grain A-Max. The 120-grain loading delivered a max velocity of 2,910 fps from a 24-inch barrel, while the 140-grain reached 2,710 fps. Because of the bullets’ high ballistic coefficients, the trajectories were superior to the .308 Winchester with far less recoil produced. Additionally, these projectiles, including newer loadings, stay supersonic out to 1,500 yards, allowing them to provide consistent accuracy at long range.

Recoil

As mentioned above, the felt recoil of 6.5 Creedmoor is comparable to that of the .308 Winchester and often significantly less. It’s a reasonably light-recoiling round. However, felt recoil can be largely dependent on the specific firearm, setup, and individual shooter. Some have even compared the 6.5 CM’s felt recoil to twice that of touching off a .223 round from a bolt-action.

Aside from simply being more pleasant on the shoulder (it’s a gentle shove), this aids in accuracy. The less recoil a shooter must deal with, the easier it is to follow through and get back on target quicker to lay out subsequent shots. Shooters also tend to flinch less, which typically allows for greater accuracy and more focus on marksmanship fundamentals. After all, marksmanship is what this round was initially developed for.

Twist Rate

To get the proper performance out of your 6.5 Creedmoor rifle, Hornady recommends having a barrel with at least a 1:8 twist rate. This means that the bullet makes one complete rotation every eight inches it travels down the barrel. With a 24-inch barrel, this ensures it makes three complete rotations before exiting, which facilitates proper stabilization.

Penetration and Expansion

The 6.5 Creedmoor is highly effective for hunting because it balances deep penetration with reliable expansion. In ballistic gelatin testing, many loads frequently exceed 20 inches of penetration, ensuring the projectile reaches the vital organs of medium-sized game. Specialized rounds like the Hornady 120-grain CX can even penetrate beyond 30 inches.

This depth is complemented by significant terminal damage, as high-quality hunting rounds typically expand to a diameter of roughly 0.62 inches, or approximately 2.4 times the original caliber. Further, modern bullet designs offer excellent weight retention — between 60 and 80 percent — allowing the bullet to maintain the mass necessary to punch through thick shoulders and dense tissue.

6.5 Creedmoor Ammo vs. Popular Alternatives

Of course, 6.5 Creedmoor isn’t the only player in the game, and it’s competing against several popular alternatives. The first is one I’ve already mentioned: the .308 Winchester. 6.5 CM produces similar terminal ballistics to the .308, but with a lighter bullet going at a greater velocity. This makes for a flatter shooting round, especially at greater distances.

Additionally, there are two other popular 6.5 rounds — the 6.5 PRC and 6.5 Grendel — that some often turn to instead. Think of the 6.5 PRC as a magnum 6.5 CM cartridge. It offers 200-250 fps higher velocity for flatter trajectories and increased energy, but at the cost of harsher recoil and shorter barrel life. In contrast, the 6.5 Grendel can be viewed as a compact 6.5 CM designed for use in AR-15 rifles. It does well under 400 yards and exhibits less recoil, but offers significantly less energy and range.

The 6.5 Creedmoor also often gets compared to more intermediate cartridges like the .243 Winchester and 5.56 NATO. These both do well under 300 yards, but lack the performance at extended ranges to really compete with the 6.5 CM. They are great options for young and recoil-sensitive shooters, though.

Then there are rounds like 6mm ARC, a newcomer to the short-action cartridge catalog, but they’re not as popular or widely available. Like 6.5 Grendel, 6mm ARC is designed for use in lighter-weight and more compact AR-15 rifles, but compared to 6.5 Creedmoor, it falls short in terms of muzzle energy and effective range.

Handloading

There are plenty of options for handloading 6.5 Creedmoor ammo as well. SAAMI lists the maximum pressure of the 6.5 Creedmoor as 62,000 psi. The standard case capacity is 52.5 gr H20. There are plenty of manufacturers making components and dies, so for the experienced handloader, the world is your oyster. Many seasoned reloaders consider Hodgdon H4350 the gold standard powder for 6.5 CM. Additionally, 6.5mm bullets tend to be jump insensitive, meaning they perform well even when seated at the SAMMI standard length of 2.800-2.825 inches.

Hunting with 6.5 Creedmoor

Before diving into the details of hunting with 6.5 Creedmoor, it’s important to understand that it’s not a magic death ray that turns targets into pink mist. The terminal performance on targets is effective in most cases, but it’s by no means the cartridge of choice for taking down large and dangerous game such as elephants, rhinos, and the big cats. If used within its limitations, it’s an excellent round that excels in many areas. Namely, retained velocity at long ranges. Of course, there are other cartridges that can beat it, but they tend to have their own drawbacks.

So, given the ballistics we discussed, what can you hunt with 6.5 Creedmoor? Deer hunting is by far the most common, especially here in the States. Its flat trajectory and retained long-range terminal performance make taking deer at all ethical ranges a breeze. Using a 120 to 147-grain bullet, it provides sufficient penetration for both whitetail and mule deer, and it prospers in open, windy conditions because of its high ballistic coefficient. Additionally, the round is quite effective against similar animals like pronghorn antelope as well.

6.5 CM is also a great choice for small predators and varmints such as coyotes due to its high velocity and low recoil, allowing for fast follow-up shots. 6.5 Creedmoor produces enough power and penetration to fell feral hogs, particularly at longer ranges.

There are plenty of great 6.5 Creedmoor hunting rifles. Two of the most popular are the Savage Axis and Mossberg Patriot, which are both accurate, affordable, and dependable bolt-action rifles. The Ruger American is another excellent budget option. You can also go with an AR-10 rifle chambered in 6.5 Creedmoor. This allows for more customization and tailoring to the individual shooter but can cost a bit more.

Top Hunting Loads

With proper ammo selection, 6.5 CM can take a multitude of game both large and small. Shot placement is key, and the larger game you attempt to take, the more precise you will have to be. Fortunately, the 6.5 Creedmoor delivers in the accuracy department, so shooters have the ability to be surgical with their shot placement, even when long-range hunting.

1. Hornady 143-grain ELD-X Precision Hunter

Features:

• Best in class ballistic coefficient
• Clean-burning powders
• Select Hornady brass casings
• Premium Hornady components
• Matched powders and primers
• Optimized for long-range performance

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,700	2,315	-1.5
100	2,556	2,075	1.9
200	2,417	1,855	0
300	2,282	1,654	-7.9
400	2,151	1,470	-22.4
500	2,025	1,302	-44.5

*24-inch test barrel

Hornady Precision Hunter 6.5 Creedmoor Ammo 143gr ELD-X 20 Rounds

(8)

$56.95

$38.99

Save $17.96

Shop Now

2. Remington 129-grain Core-Lokt Tipped

Features:

• Optimized for hunting deer, elk, and hog
• Proprietary Core-Lokt projectile
• Polymer tip for superior accuracy and expansion
• Polished brass casings
• Hand-selected powders and components

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,945	2,484	Unavailable
100	2,751	2,168	1.6
200	2,566	1,886	0
300	2,388	1,633	-6.8
400	2,217	1,408	-19.8
500	2,053	1,207	-39.8

Remington Core-Lokt Tipped 6.5mm Creedmoor Ammo 129gr PT 20 Rounds

(1)

$50.99

$29.99

Save $21.00

Shop Now

3. Federal 130-grain Terminal Ascent

Features:

• Patented Slipstream polymer tip for devastating expansion
• Bonded lead core
• Nickel-plated brass casings
• Clean-burning powders
• Non-corrosive primers
• AccuChannel groove design reduces drag
• Extremely high ballistic coefficient

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,800	2,263	Unavailable
100	2,629	1,995	1.8
200	2,464	1,752	0
300	2,305	1,533	-7.5
400	2,152	1,337	-21.6
500	2,005	1,160	-43.1

Federal Premium Terminal Ascent 6.5 Creedmoor Ammo 130gr Bonded PT 20 Rounds

$70.99

$47.99

Save $23.00

Shop Now

6.5 CM and Precision Shooting

When getting into precision shooting, the main question often asked is: How far can 6.5 Creedmoor shoot? I’d argue it’s more important to ask: How far out is 6.5 CM accurate and does it retain enough ballistic performance for an effective hit? 6.5 Creedmoor delivers impressive performance even past 1,000 yards, with some shooters routinely getting shots as far as 1 mile (1,760 yards). For practiced precision marksmen, you may be able to stretch that out further with the proper loading and a high-quality rifle.

As discussed before, the 6.5 Creedmoor is an incredibly flat-shooting round with a high ballistic coefficient, which makes it a great choice for long-range precision shooting. After all, that’s what it was designed for. It is a good option for those getting into the sport, as well as experienced shooters, because of its relatively light recoil and muzzle blast. This allows you to form good habits and focus on your shot placement.

This can be further aided by the use of a suppressor. The 6.5 CM takes well to sound suppression, and the decreased report tends to reduce the shooter’s chance of flinching. The benefits of sound, recoil, and muzzle blast reduction can also reduce fatigue and allow for more trigger time to practice.

Some of the most popular precision rifles are available chambered in 6.5 Creedmoor. One of the best options is the Ruger Precision Rifle. Due to its sheer amount of features for the price, the Ruger RPR provides excellent value. The stock allows for adjustable length of pull, cheek rest height, and horizontal position, as well as buttpad height. Its heavy-contour barrel absorbs heat well and provides consistent accuracy. Finally, the Marksman trigger is completely customizable for the individual shooter.

On a similar note, Sako’s TRG 22 A1 in 6.5 CM is a robust build with guaranteed sub-MOA performance out of the box.

Bergara also offers its B-14 HMR rifle in 6.5 CM that provides excellent accuracy. It features an integrated mini chassis molded into the stock that provides consistent performance, while a free-float barrel ensures optimal precision. This is a great option for those who want to use the same rifle for both long-range competition shooting and hunting.

Top Precision Loads

Accuracy out to those longer ranges will also largely depend on your ammo selection. A heavier projectile will experience more drop. A lighter bullet tends to be more affected by wind. A higher velocity can help the round keep a more uniform path as it travels down range. Ultimately, some loads will perform better with your specific rifle than others. This makes it a good idea to try out a few and go with what seems to be getting you the most consistent results.

1. Hornady 147-grain ELD Match

Features:

• Match-grade performance
• Extremely low drag
• Heat shield tips
• Reloadable brass casings
• Carefully matched powder
• Strict quality control

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,650	2,183	-1.5
100	2,518	1,970	2.0
200	2,384	1,767	0
300	2,255	1,581	-8.1
400	2,131	1,411	-23.1
500	2,010	1,256	-45.7

*24-inch test barrel

Hornady Match 6.5 Creedmoor Ammo 147gr ELD Match 20 Rounds

(12)

$64.99

$33.99

Save $31.00

Shop Now

2. Federal 140-grain Gold Medal Berger Hybrid

Features:

• Hybrid hunting and target ammo
• Berger Hybrid Target boat tail hollow point projectiles
• Clean-burning powders and propellants
• Premium brass casings
• Match-grade accuracy
• Extremely high ballistic coefficient

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,650	2,183	-1.5
100	2,518	1,970	2.0
200	2,384	1,767	0
300	2,255	1,581	-8.1
400	2,131	1,411	-23.1
500	2,010	1,256	-45.7

Federal Premium Gold Medal Berger 6.5 Creedmoor Ammo 140gr Hybrid Target BTHP 20 Rounds

(5)

$51.99

$35.99

Save $16.00

Shop Now

3. Nosler 140-grain Match Grade RDF

Features:

• Reloadable brass casings
• Non-corrosive boxer primers
• Clean-burning powders
• Exceptionally high ballistic coefficient
• Match-grade hollow point boat tail projectile
• Reduced drag factor bullet design

Distance (Yards)	Velocity (FPS)	Energy (Ft/lbs)	Trajectory (Inches)
Muzzle	2,650	2,183	-1.5
100	2,518	1,970	2.0
200	2,384	1,767	0
300	2,255	1,581	-8.1
400	2,131	1,411	-23.1
500	2,010	1,256	-45.7

Nosler Match-Grade 6.5 Creedmoor Ammo 140gr HPBT RDF 20 Rounds

$39.99

Shop Now

Final Thoughts

When a new cartridge is introduced, it’s always met with some skepticism. Even if it’s a good idea, there’s still a fair chance it may not take off simply due to the sheer amount of options available, especially in our current market. However, the 6.5 Creedmoor has shown that with the proper support, a good design can succeed.

The 6.5 CM is an excellent choice if you’re looking to stretch out your shooting without dealing with all the hassles that larger magnum calibers present. You get an exceptionally flat shooting round with relatively light recoil in a fairly compact overall package; what more could you ask for?

What do you think of the 6.5 Creedmoor? How do you use this incredible cartridge? Share your thoughts in the comment section below.

The post Complete Review: 6.5 Creedmoor Ammunition — Performance and Top Brands appeared first on The Mag Life.

This isn’t all that important for home defense. Most home defense encounters are from 0 to 10 yards. At those ranges, a load of buckshot remains about the size of a fist. Let’s say the zombies have risen or the aliens have invaded, and all you have is a shotgun. How far can we engage those threats?

To define the effective range, we have to determine what effective means. The effective range doesn’t mean how far a single pellet can move while remaining lethal. There are a couple of components to effective range determination, and one is accuracy. How far can we accurately fire the load of buckshot? Second, how much of the load will hit the target? I think at least 50% of the pellets must hit the target to be effective.

How Far Can Buckshot Shoot?

The zombies are closing in slowly. Your shotgun is loaded, but you’re paralyzed by indecision. How far can you throw that hull full of lead? You need to know! Sadly, the answer isn’t clear. It just depends—on the gun, the ammo, and whether your barrel is choked.

The effective range of the shotgun is determined by its pattern. The term “pattern” refers to how wide your buckshot spreads at certain ranges. The closer you are to the target, the tighter the pattern is on average. There used to be this rule of thumb that you get one inch of spread per yard, but that does not apply to the world of shotguns today.

Some guns just pattern tighter than other guns. For example, the Mossberg 590A1 patterns are tighter than most cylinder-bore guns. That’s likely due to its thicker barrel and its multiple attachment points. Every gun patterns a little differently, so you’ll need to know how your gun patterns with your chosen load.

Further, different loads pattern differently. Things like the wad, the buffer material, and even velocity can affect how tight a shotgun load pattern is. Many shotgun shells are like alchemist formulas, with different combinations promising tighter patterns.

Loads like Federal FliteControl are designed to provide an extremely tight pattern. FliteControl uses a special wad that contains the shot until the entire load leaves the barrel. The wad then brakes and releases the buckshot load.

Finally, at the end of a shotgun barrel sits a choke. Chokes determine the level of constriction the load meets as it leaves the barrel. A tighter choke can pattern a buckshot loader tighter at longer ranges.

Let’s Do Science

With all this in mind, let’s go to the range with some buckshot loads to give you an idea of the effective range of buckshot. I can’t possibly test every buckshot load on the market, so I grabbed three that represent a good swath of the market.

I used a nine pellet 00 buckshot load from Monarch. It’s cheap and very basic. I also grabbed a No. 4 load of buckshot from Federal. It’s a hunting line of ammo and provides 27 pellets of buckshot. Lastly, I grabbed my favorite buckshot ever, Federal Flitecontrol. My shotgun of choice was the Remington 870 with a cylinder bore.

Ten Yards and Beyond

This represents one of the most common defensive shotguns on the market. It’s a plain Jane Remington that has been made millions of times over. Before expanding distances, I shot a control load for each round at 10 yards.

At the top is the Federal FliteControl load, which looks like one big hole. Below that is the No.4 load, and the Monarch 00 load is at the bottom. It all looks pretty good. We moved back to 15 yards from there but didn’t see a huge difference.

The FliteControl began to deviate from one big hole to a more traditional pattern. The No. 4 buckshot load spread from one end of the target to the other. The 00 buckshot load grew just a hair as well.

Out to 25 Yards and Beyond

We backed up to 25 yards from 15 yards, and at 25 yards, the No. 4 buckshot was eliminated. We landed less than half the pellets on target. Some pellets completely missed the FBI Q target. I’m not just talking about the Coke bottle but the entire piece of paper. The pellets also covered the entire target, so it wasn’t just a thrown shot.

Our El Cheapo 00 Monarch buckshot covered the target from the neck to the lower abdomen. Every pellet hit the threat, and the dispersion would certainly create a ton of wound channels in a bad guy or zombie.

The Federal FliteControl landed a decent-sized pattern almost dead center in the chest. It’s a great pattern in this range and would be very effective. It’s also responsible. We have to account for every pellet fired, and if it’s patterning this tight at 25 yards, it’s quite safe.

We backed up to 35 yards and tried the Monarch 00 and Federal FliteControl. The 00 Monarch buckshot landed seven out of nine pellets, with one missed pellet going high right and one going low right. Every FliteControl pellet hits the target and spreads horizontally across the target’s chest.

Out to 50 Yards

Military publications would have you believe that a shotgun’s effective range is 50 yards. With military buckshot, that’s pretty generous. Only the Monarch and FliteControl made it to this range.

I tried the Monarch 00 first, and it was pretty bad. It’s ineffective at 50 yards. Three pellets hit the entire target, but not a single one hit the Coke bottle. Two pellets hit the grey portion of the target on the left side, and one hit the grey portion on the right side.

The Federal FliteControl did a bit better. This is a nine-pellet load. My favorite is an eight-pellet load, but I’m not tossing those precious eight-pellet loads down range. I used the more common nine-pellet load. Of those nine-pellet loads, four pellets hit the Coke bottle, and one hit the grey.

Technically, four out of nine isn’t half. With that said, I’d argue that it’s effective out to 50 yards, but it is still an effective load. I wouldn’t take it further than 50 yards and expect results. As expected, Federal FliteControl does the best out of any load at longer ranges.

Where Spread Helps You

The spread of a buckshot load can be beneficial at longer ranges. If your pattern is wider, hitting a moving target is easier. Typically, I hunt coyotes with a rifle, but I have a shotgun with No. 4 Buckshot to hit moving coyotes at closer ranges. That spread is beneficial if it’s dark or the target’s moving.

For the average gun owner, this won’t be a concern unless we get those terrifying running zombies from 28 Days Later or you’re hunting Coyotes. If you want to maximize the range of your buckshot, grab a load of Federal FliteControl and you can drive it out to 50 yards. Beyond that, you might feel a bit underwhelmed.

The post What’s The Effective Range of Buckshot? appeared first on The Mag Life.

What’s the 6.5 Creedmoor?

The 6.5 Creedmoor is what you get when a handful of talented long-range shooters—some of whom have a background in ballistic science and product development—get it into their heads to make a better long-range round. You could say they did a good job, and it’d be an understatement. 6.5 Creedmoor was designed by Dave Emary, Hornady’s senior ballistic scientist, and Dennis DeMille, vice president of product development at Creedmoor Sports. However, the cartridge got its start with competitive shooter David Tubb, who designed the 6mm XC, which eventually morphed into the 6.5 Creedmoor.

Dave Emary said, “The original intent of the cartridge was an across-the-course match cartridge. We envisioned it as an off-the-shelf round that produced the accuracy and ballistics to compete in all match shooting disciplines right out of the box.”

An out-of-the-box competition-worthy cartridge was a bit of a lofty goal, but they pulled it off. The 6.5 Creedmoor delivers a flat trajectory at fantastic ranges, plus it’s a great precision round. You can run it in bolt-actions and AR-10s, and while you can get somewhat more impressive precision with the right bolt, you might be surprised by just what the AR-10 can do.

What’s the 6mm ARC?

Unlike the 6.5 Creedmoor, which was made for the general public, the 6mm ARC was first designed for military use. Of note is that it was made for Special Operations use, not for duty use by the military. Basically, it’s a specialized cartridge designed to handle combat at a variety of distances. The 6mm ARC was designed for the AR-15 platform so it would be more portable and maneuverable and made to outperform other AR-15 cartridges for trajectory and range (and it does).

So, why is 6mm ARC so great for its original Special Operations purpose? It outdoes the 5.56 by far, and when the 5.56 failed, the next move in the military was switching to .308 Winchester. Of course, using .308 means a much heavier platform, among other things. Cutting weight is important when you’re going to be carrying a rifle for significant distances and lengths of time. The 6mm ARC solved those issues by providing a lighter platform and a cartridge with excellent ballistics.

On the civilian side, the 6mm ARC offers the same benefits it does for military use. The AR-15 is lighter, but the 6mm ARC is still a solid long-range round. It might not have quite the reach of something like the 6.5 Creedmoor, but the 6mm ARC delivers greater long-range performance than most—if not all—other AR-15 cartridges. It also provides fantastic terminal ballistics, which is important for both self-defense and hunting.

6.5 Creedmoor vs. 6mm ARC ballistics

A big chunk of the answer to which cartridge is better lies in the ballistics. Here’s a breakdown of how these two compare.

• 6.5 Creedmoor’s effective range on steel is 1,000 yards, although it can be stretched beyond that. The 6mm ARC’s effective range on steel is also around 1000 yards.
• 6.5 Creedmoor’s effective range for deer hunting is approximately 500 yards. 6mm ARC’s effective range on deer is about 500 yards (seeing a trend yet?).
• Using Hornady Match ammo, 6.5 Creedmoor with a 147-grain bullet has a drop rate of -43.2 inches at 500 yards. Hornady Match 6mm ARC 108-grain has a drop rate of -54.1 inches.
• With the same Hornady Match loads, 6.5 Creedmoor has a muzzle energy of 2,370 ft-lbs and 500-yard energy of 1,428 ft-lbs. 6mm ARC’s muzzle energy is 1,813 ft-lbs and then, at 500 yards, drops to 931 ft-lbs.

Which round is more accurate?

Both 6.5 Creedmoor and 6mm ARC have proven themselves to be incredibly accurate. As long as you bring the skills to go with it, you can get stellar precision out of both. 6.5 Creedmoor does have an edge for precision at greater distances, though. It’s what it was made for, and in contrast, 6mm ARC was designed for improved terminal ballistics for combat and defensive use.

If you’re shooting at more typical ranges instead of considering long-range shots, the two cartridges are pretty equal for accuracy. I can get similar groups at 100 yards with both cartridges. It does depend on the specific ammo being used, which isn’t unusual. Now, here’s the interesting part. If you’re going to be shooting offhand rather than prone or from a bench, it’s the 6mm ARC that wins for accuracy.

This is owed largely to the typical size and weight of guns chambered in 6.5 Creedmoor. Most shooters will have an easier time balancing and firing 6mm ARC rifles offhand. There are certainly exceptions to that, but the reality is that 6.5 Creedmoor rifles tend to be significantly bulkier. They also have longer barrels, and that lends to the difficulty in firing them offhand for good groups. It isn’t impossible, but it is more challenging.

What’s better, 6.5 Creedmoor or 6mm ARC?

When I’m asked to compare two cartridges like this, I usually say the winner depends on the purpose. What are you doing with it? But this time around, I’m comfortable giving 6mm ARC the win. Yes, it has more drop than 6.5 Creedmoor, meaning it doesn’t have the same flat trajectory as the larger cartridge. However, the AR-15 is a far lighter platform, and its effective range is quite similar to that of the 6.5 Creedmoor. And if you’re a hunter, there’s something else to consider.

Blood trails are a known issue when using the 6.5 Creedmoor. You can solve that issue by being picky about which ammo you use for hunting and by nailing shot placement. It isn’t that 6.5 Creedmoor isn’t a great hunting round—because it is—it’s that it isn’t uncommon for hunters to fail to recover game due to a poor blood trail. 6mm ARC doesn’t have that issue, thanks to its design. And if you’re thinking that doesn’t translate to defensive use, you’d be wrong. 6mm ARC has better terminal ballistics and is designed for that, and it outdoes 6.5 Creedmoor significantly when it comes to close-quarters combat.

The 6mm ARC is lighter weight, the guns are easier to maneuver in close quarters, and it creates effective wound cavities on game. It’s also better for home defense due to its lighter weight and more compact overall dimensions. Now, it’s true that available factory loads are still somewhat limited because this is a newer cartridge, but that will change with time. Oh, the 6mm ARC produces less felt recoil, too.

If the overall size and weight of the rifle aren’t an issue, 6.5 Creedmoor might be right for you. It’s also a better go-to if shooting to 1,000 yards and beyond on steel is your thing. 6.5 Creedmoor simply has a flatter trajectory, and that makes it a winner for long-range. But for the average shooter, 6mm ARC is perfect.

This is a case of YMMV. Not everyone is going to prefer the same cartridge, and that’s okay. Which one’s your personal preference? Share your thoughts in the comments.

The post 6.5 Creedmoor vs. 6mm ARC: Which One’s Better? appeared first on The Mag Life.

What’s the .30-30 Winchester?

The .30-30 Win was made specifically for the Winchester 1895—a classic lever-action rifle—in 1895, which means the cartridge has been around for nearly 150 years. Further, the .30-30 Winchester cartridge has the distinction of being the first smokeless powder small-bore rifle cartridge ever developed. It saw an enormous amount of use in its early decades and continues to be produced today. Some see it as Grandpa’s cartridge, but that isn’t giving the .30-30 Win enough credit for everything it can and has done.

The .30-30 Winchester is a rimmed bottleneck cartridge with an overall length of 2.55 inches and a bullet diameter of .308 inches. Its SAAMI maximum pressure is 42,000 psi. Further, the .30-30’s parent cartridge was the .38-55 Win, which was designed in 1884 and remains in production as a boutique round. It’s spawned quite a few variants and is also the parent cartridge of the .360 Buckhammer introduced by Remington in 2023.

What’s the .45-70 Government?

Something you might not know about the .45-70 Government cartridge is that it was originally a black powder cartridge. It was designed to replace the .50-70 Govt, entering production in 1873. Further, the .45-70 Govt is a rimmed, straight-walled cartridge with a bullet diameter of .458 inches and an overall length of 2.55 inches. Maximum pressure is 28,000 CUP, with CIP’s max being 32,000 psi.

Is .30-30 Win better than .45-70 Govt?

Now that you know a little more about the two cartridges, let’s get into the real battle: is the .30-30 Win better than the .45-70 Govt or vice versa? First, let’s consider this from a more technical perspective by comparing ballistics. Normally, I’d do that by comparing two loads that are as similar as possible for bullet weight and type, but that’s easier said than done with these two. Instead, we’ll compare two loads that are as close as we can get.

Hornady Leverevolution .30-30 Win 160-grain FTX ammo delivers a muzzle velocity of 2,400 feet per second and muzzle energy of 2,046 foot-pounds. In contrast, Hornady Leverevolution .45-70 Govt 250-grain FTX ammo boasts a muzzle velocity of 2,025 feet per second and muzzle energy of 2,276 foot-pounds. So, while the .30-30 Win offering produces and maintains a higher velocity, it doesn’t manage to deliver comparable energy to the .45-70.

The trajectory using these two loads differs from what is expected. With a 200-yard zero, the .30-30-win load listed above has a drop rate of about 12.5 inches at 300 yards. As for the .45-70 Govt with the same zero, it drops 27.2 inches at 300 yards. That’s not a shock, considering the .45-70 Govt has a significantly heavier bullet, but it is noteworthy.

From a pure ballistic standpoint, you might say .30-30 Winchester is superior to .45-70 Government—if you’re specifically looking for a flatter trajectory. On the other hand, you’d give the win to the .45-70 Govt if you don’t mind the drop rate and do want the heavier bullet (and the increased energy that comes with it). This one’s a bit of a draw because it’s dependent on personal preferences and what you’re using the gun for.

Is .30-30 Winchester easier to shoot than .45-70 Government?

Felt recoil is a key factor in figuring out how shootable a particular cartridge is because, while it can be a bit subjective, it’s also measurable. Basically, not everyone perceives felt recoil the same way, but the measurable foot-pounds in felt recoil make it easier to figure out what’s going on. According to various studies, most shooters are prone to flinching when the felt recoil being produced exceeds 20 foot-pounds. For some shooters, anything past 15 foot-pounds of felt recoil is a no-go.

Although the exact amount of felt recoil depends on a variety of factors, there’s still a general range for every cartridge. The .30-30 Win produces around 14 foot-pounds of felt recoil, and the .45-70 Govt delivers about 30 foot-pounds of felt recoil.

If the lever-action you’re running is older, you’re more likely to run into issues with a lack of padding or absorption in the stock. The older guns are strictly no-frills, which means the felt recoil tends to be more severe. Newer lever guns are designed for greater comfort, and that’s important when you’re talking about this kind of felt recoil. You can also reduce felt recoil by using ammo with lighter bullets because the overall load will be less aggressively made. Knowing how to stand and grip the rifle helps, too. There are a few tips and tricks for managing felt recoil, such as putting your weight forward into the gun more than you might otherwise. After all, being prepared for what’s coming is more than half the battle.

When it comes to comfort and felt recoil, there’s really no contest. 30-30 Win is simply more comfortable to shoot.

Is .30-30 Winchester better than .45-70 Government for hunting?

Face it: most lever guns are used for hunting. Both the .30-30 Win and .45-70 Govt are considered good for whitetail deer with the understanding that the wound cavity and possible meat loss is far greater with .45-70 Govt. Of course, there’s more to consider than just that.

The .30-30 Win offers a somewhat flatter trajectory with a slower drop rate and an approximate effective range of 200 yards. That effective range changes depending on the ammo you’re using as well as your gun’s barrel length, so keep that in mind. As for the .45-70 Govt, it has an admittedly sharp drop rate that gets worse with heavier bullets. Its effective range is generally going to be under 150 yards, depending on the usual factors.

The bottom line here is the .30-30 Win has a fractionally better effective range on deer, but it isn’t astounding. You also have to consider things like energy transfer on impact because that’s an area where the .45-70 Govt easily wins. If you’re hunting deer and prefer to minimize meat loss, experience less felt recoil, and have a little more distance, go with the .30-30 Win. But if you’re hunting something like feral hogs and don’t mind the felt recoil, .45-70 Govt could be perfect for you.

Which cartridge wins?

Speaking as someone who’s extremely fond of big bores, this one was a tough call. The .45-70 Govt can be fantastic, and I’ve used it to take everything from deer to hogs to coyotes. However, it isn’t one you want to shoot at length, and it can make a wound cavity so devastating you lose an entire shoulder off a whitetail deer. On the other hand, the .30-30 Win is an ideal cartridge for most hunters and those who just want to run levers at the range. Thanks to its lower felt recoil, follow-up shots are far easier to manage, and you’re not likely to have a sore shoulder in the end. The flatter trajectory it offers might not be extreme, but it’s still a factor. That said, the .30-30 Winchester is the winner of this face-off.

Which cartridge do you prefer? .30-30 Win or .45-70 Govt? Tell us why in the comments.

The post Ammo Face-Off: .30-30 Winchester vs .45-70 Government appeared first on The Mag Life.